Tag: biology

Glycolysis is the only process of extraction of energy in anaerobic organisms. Thus, It never requires O$ _2$ for its completion. Since the process takes place solely in cytoplasm so never requires any other organelle for its completion. As ETS takes place in mitochondria so it never takes part in glycolysis. For uninterrupted working of glycolysis, we require NADP$^+$ as it is required for the production of NADP$^+$+H$^+$ during conversion of 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3-bisphospho glyceraldehyde. 

Glycolysis is a redox as well as an aerobic process. It takes place in presence of oxygen that's why this process is known as an aerobic process. In glycolysis oxidation as well as reduction takes place that's why this process is also known as redox process.

The term amphibolic is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. These are the most common ways smaller organic molecules can be formed into more complex ones and applies to the formation of carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Other type called reduction reaction, which involves the adding of hydrogens and electrons to a molecule. it gains calories of energy because energy is released when a hydrocarbon bond is split. Pathways of glycolysis are amphibolic pathways because they provide ATP and chemical intermediates to build new cell material. The fundamental metabolic pathways of biosynthesis are similar in all organisms, in the same way, that protein synthesis or DNA structure are similar in all organisms.

• In first step of glycolysis, glucose is converted in to glucose -6- phosphate by the enzyme Hexokinase or Glucokinase.
  
• Hexokinase is available for all cell where as Glucokinase acts only for liver cell.
• It also require magnesium as cofactor.
• Hexokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of Glycolysis.

Glycolysis, part of cellular respiration, is a series of reactions that constitute the first phase of most carbohydrate catabolism, catabolism meaning the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. The word glycolysis is derived from two Greek words and means the breakdown of something sweet. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP. The pyruvate end product of glycolysis can be used in either anaerobic respiration if no oxygen is available or in aerobic respiration via the TCA cycle which yields much more usable energy for the cell.

The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas.