Tag: common modes of vegetative propagation

Callus is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells. It is mainly  used in plant tissue culture. So basically in other words, callus is a undifferentiated mass of tissue. 

• The process by which thousands of plants can be raised within limited time and space is Tissue culture.
  
• When new plants are grown from a small piece of plant tissue or cells removed from the growing tips of a plant in a suitable growth medium is called tissue culture.
  
• Its advantages are:-

1) Thousands of plantlets can be produced in a very less time from a small amount of plant tissue.

Meristem is free from viruses and they are used to grow virus-free plant cultures. The meristem has the ability of rapid rate of mitotic cell division, which is much more than the viral rate of division. Hence, the virus is unable to spread through them, hence the meristems are almost always free of viruses.

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the organism. Plant parts can be sterilized by using several disinfecting agents i.e., use of chemicals.

• In sexual reproduction, two offsprings have the same genetic material and the same body features are called identical twins.
• They are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.
• Twins have the same genetic material and the same body features because they develop from a single fertilized egg, they have the same genome.
• So, the correct answer is 'Twins'.

Tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition ( in vitro). The emergence of this technique became a turning point when polio virus, could be cultivated in vitro, a discovery of Enders, Weller, and Robbins (1949). This led to the feasibility of quantitative metabolic studies in animal viruses. Tissue culture is, therefore, today a vital part of life science research ( across plants and animals ) and in every area of research that includes bacteriology, embryology and virology.

• The callus is an unspecialized, unorganized, growing and dividing the mass of cells.
• It produced when explants are cultured on the appropriate solid medium, with both auxin and cytokinin in correct conditions.
  
• In Callus culture, Auxins increase root growth and cytokinins increase shoot growth.
• Hence Cytokinin increase shoot growth in callus culture.
• So, the correct answer is 'Cytokinin'.

Plant cells are totipotent. Hence, plant cells can be cultured to grow entire plants. In-plant tissue culture, a small meristematic tissue called explant is used to generate a mass of undifferentiated cells called callus. Entire plantlets can be generated from callus by applying a carefully balanced ratio of phytohormones.

totipotency is the ability of a plant to use all its genes and form a new plant. to prove this F.C Steward did an experiment on the root cells of the carrot plant with which he produced a whole new carrot plant.