Tag: common modes of vegetative propagation

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Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Cellular totipotency means

  1. Synthesis of new cells.

  2. Formation of new species.

  3. Formation of new plants.

  4. Capability of plant cell to form complete plant.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cellular totipotency means the ability of a cell to give rise to complete individual i.e., the formation of the complete cellular organisation from a single cell. Plant cells are totipotent as they can give rise to complete plant. So answer D is correct.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

The structure employed by White for first successful tissue culture was

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Root of Carrot

  3. Root of Tomato

  4. Apical meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Tissue culture technique was first attempted by

  1. Haberlandt

  2. Hanning

  3. Nobecourt

  4. Gautheret
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture is a biological technique which involves the development of plant under the controlled condition on a nutrient culture medium of the known composition. The pant developed by the tissue culture are cloned by the process of micropropagation. Gottlieb Haberlandt was the first to attempt tissue culture. He was the first to point out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues. He is known as the father of tissue culture.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Callus is

  1. Tissue that forms embryo

  2. An insoluble carbohydrate

  3. Tissue that grows to form embryoid

  4. Unorganised actively dividing mass of cells maintained in culture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Callus is unorganized actively dividing the mass of cells maintained in culture. It has a meristematic cell which has ample amount of cytoplasm to trigger cell division. It is treated with the growth hormones to allow the cell division and differentiation. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Famous embryologist of India who also advanced the science of morphology and tissue culture in India is?

  1. P. Maheshwari

  2. T. S. Sadasivan

  3. Swaminathan

  4. Ramdas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Panchanan Maheshwari was a world-renowned Indian botanist who made significant contributions to plant embryology and established the Department of Botany at the University of Delhi as a center for research.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Who developed the technique of nurse tissue to show cellular totipotency

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. Steward

  3. Muir

  4. Konar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce an entire plant. A single cell can produce all cell types and organises them into an entire organism.

The basis of tissue culture is to grow a large number of cells in a sterile controlled environment. The plant cells are allowed to grow in culture medium containing mineral nutrient, vitamins and hormones to encourage cell division and growth. As a result cells in culture will produce an unorganised proliferative mass of cells which is known as callus tissue.
Plant cells can be cultured from isolated single plant cell on the top of the actively growing callus ( nurse tissue ) separated by a piece of filter paper. The filter paper serves to prevent tissue union but allows the flow of essential nutrients from the nurse to the isolated cells. The technique has been developed by Muir e.t. al in 1954. The single cell is isolated from, suspension cultures or friable callus with the help of a micropipette, or from the intact plant tissue  ( root, stem, leaf etc. )
Single cell culture is important for cell cloning, crop improvement programmes, the study of biotransformation etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Who could grow tomato roots successfully and develop the technique of tissue culture for the first time?

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. P.R. White

  3. W.H. Muir

  4. F.C. Steward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
P.R White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is 'P.R. White'
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from

  1. Cycas revoluta.

  2. Cocos nucifera.

  3. Pinus roxburghii.

  4. Borassus flabellifera.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is obtained from the Cocos nucifera. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.

Cytokinins are the group of plant hormones which promotes cell division and differentiation in root and stem of the plant. It is involved in inducing morphogenesis. Auxin and cytokinin are used in equal quantity in the growth media of callus it promotes shoot and root formation and finally leads to organogenesis. 
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Through which technique more female plants can be produced in papaya ___________.

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Polyploid breeding

  3. Spraying ethephon

  4. Tissue culture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture allows for the mass production of clones. In dioecious plants like papaya, it can be used to produce only female plants from selected high-yielding female parent tissue.