Tag: phanerogams

Gymnosperms were the first plants to have seeds. They are often referred to as having naked seeds because they do not have flowers and they develop on the surface of the reproductive structures of the plants rather than being contained in a specialized ovary. These seeds are often found on the surface of cones and short stalks.

Gymnosperms are a group of plants with the following unique characteristics:

• They do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds.
• They do not produce flowers.
• They do not produce fruits.
• They are pollinated by the wind.

Gymnosperms are more ancient than angiosperms. They formed dominant vegetation on the earth about 200 million years ago, and have been replaced by the angiosperms with the changing time and climatic conditions. They are now maintaining their dominance only in the colder regions, where instead of rain, snow is the source of water. Only a few gymnosperms, like cycads thrive in warm whether.

In Pinus, the dwarf shoots are specialized branches of limited growth. They are typically shed after 2 to 3 years.

In gymnosperms, the pollen grain typically produces two male gametes. These are formed during the development of the male gametophyte.

Gymnosperm endosperm is haploid because it is formed from the female gametophyte tissue before fertilization. In contrast, angiosperm endosperm is triploid and forms after fertilization via double fertilization.

Gymnosperms are vascular plants that lack true vessels in their xylem and companion cells in their phloem, which are characteristic features of angiosperms.

The secondary xylem in gymnosperms does not contain vessels. So it is called soft wood or non-porous wood.

The secondary xylem or wood of gymnosperms, vessels are absent. So it is called non porous wood.

So, the correct option is ‘lacks vessels’.

Gymnosperms like Cycas and Ginkgo retain ciliated, motile male gametes. While most advanced spermatophytes have lost this trait, it persists in these primitive gymnosperm groups.

Both pteridophytes and gymnosperms produce archegonia as the female sex organ. They differ in that gymnosperms produce seeds and have ovules, while pteridophytes generally do not.