Tag: parts of the brain

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Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotropic hormones are 

  1. Estrogen and progesterone

  2. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

  3. Testosterone and androsterone

  4. Prolactin and luteotropin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropins (or glycoprotein hormones) are protein hormones secreted by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. It includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), placental chorionic gonadotropins hCG and chorionic gonadotropin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is secreted by 

  1. Acidophilic cells

  2. Acidotrophic cells

  3. Basophilic cells

  4. Neurotrophic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The acidophils are the somatotropic cells and the lactotrophic cells. Thus, growth hormone and prolactin are secreted by acidophilic cells. In the anterior pituitary, the term acidophil is used to describe two different types of cells: somatotrophs, which generate somatotropin (also known as growth hormone) and mammotrophs, which generate prolactin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following glands is concerned with salt equilibrium in body?

  1. Anterior pituitary

  2. Pancreas

  3. Adrenal

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. Adrenal glands are concerned with salt equilibrium in the body. 

Mineralocorticoids produced in zona glomerulosa secreted from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in our body. Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates re-absorption of $Na^+$ and water and excretion of $K^+$ and phosphate ions. Hence, option C is correct.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is produced in

  1. Pituitary

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Thyroid gland

  4. Gonads
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The growth process begins in the hypothalamus. When the hypothalamus releases growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), the anterior pituitary is stimulated to release growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone then acts on the liver and other tissues and stimulates them to secrete insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 directly promotes the development of bone and muscle, causing bones to grow in length, and muscles to increase protein synthesis.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones, that maintains the secretory activity of the corpus luteum and increase in the size of the mammary glands are

  1. Estrogen

  2. Luteinizing

  3. Luteotrophin

  4. Gonadotrophin

  5. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin is a peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands. Progesterone, secreted from the corpus luteum, prolongs the secretion of prolactin. Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

A person suffering from diabetes insipidus will pass what amount of urine per day?

  1. 1 litre
  2. $\frac{1}{2}$ litres

  3. 3 litres

  4. 1.5 litres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If a person drinks enough water, this condition will not have significant effects on the fluid or electrolyte balance of the body. If the person does not drink enough fluids, high urine output may cause dehydration and high levels of sodium in the blood. The primary symptoms of diabetes insipidus are excessive thirst and urination. A person can produce large amounts of urine, usually more than 3 litres up to 15 litres per day.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland produces a secretion, which causes a dramatic darkening of the skin of many fishes, amphibians and reptiles. It is 

  1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

  3. Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

MSH is important in the regulation of melanin synthesis in cells called melanophores (a type of chromatophore) that are in the skin of amphibians, some fishes, and reptiles. Light reflected from water surface stimulates photoreceptors, which send information to the hypothalamus. Pituitary MSH then causes the pigment synthesis in the melanophores to disperse and the skin to darken.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotrophic hormones are produced in the

  1. Posterior part of thyroid

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Adenohypophysis of pituitary

  4. Interstitial cells of testis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis, meaning glandular undergrowth. Gonadotropes (LH and FSH) are secreted from the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovulation cycle in female mammals, while in the males, LH stimulates the synthesis of androgen. FSH helps in the growth of the reproductive system.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Find the odd one out.

  1. Parathyroid - tetany

  2. Pancreas - diabetes insipidus

  3. Adrenal cortex - Cushing's syndrome

  4. Thyroid - goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 

ADH is synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. Its deficiency causes an inability to concentrate urine in the distal renal tubules. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

If a human female starts developing male characteristics like beard, degeneration of uterus and ovaries, enlargement of clitoris etc. It may be due to

  1. Over production oestrogen and testosterone

  2. Damage to posterior pituitary

  3. Over production of adrenal androgens

  4. Surgical removal of mammary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Excess amounts of androgens result in acne, hirsutism (excess hair growth on the chin or upper lip) and thinning hair. Many women with high levels of a form of testosterone have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, blood sugar disorders. High levels of androgens are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart disease.