Tag: parts of the brain

The hindbrain is the lowermost or rearmost region of the brain that bridges the brain with the spinal cord and includes the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum. It is also called the rhombencephalon.  

Arbor vitae which is the largest white matter present in the center of the cerebellum. It is so called for its branched, tree-like appearance. It is important in the coordination of the arms, legs and any actions requiring hand-eye coordination. Hence, the correct answer is option A.

The arbor vitae is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance. It resembles a fern and is present in both cerebellar hemispheres. It brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum. It is located deep in the cerebellum. So, the correct answer is option B.

Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and well developed in humans. It plans, thinks, judges, and organised speech and information. It consists of two hemispheres, left and right connected by corpus callosum. 

The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Both cerebral hemispheres contain a lateral ventricle. The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.

The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem. It forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. 

Septum lucidum is a thin membrane of nervous tissue, that forms the medial wall of the lateral ventricles in the brain. The septum lucidum is located in the midline of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached superiorly to the corpus callosum. It is attached to the anterior part of the fornix, and on either side of the structure are the two lateral ventricles. During foetal development, there is a space between the two laminae, called as the cavum septi pellucidi, which disappears during infancy. The cavum is occasionally referred to as the fifth ventricle (pseudocoel).

Ventricles are the open space or cavity in the brain which helps in relay of information. Diocoel is the cavity of the developing diencephalon, that later gives rise to the third ventricle of the brain. So, the correct answer is option C.

The osmoreceptors are specialised cells in the hypothalamus, which respond to changes in extracellular tonicity. $Na^+$ accounts for 92% of ECF tonicity, these receptors function as monitors of ECF [$Na^+$]. These receptors are called as osmo-sodium receptors. The osmoreceptors effectively respond to the ECF [$Na^+$] and this is also the factor, which effectively controls the distribution of water between intracellular and extracellular fluid.

One of the major functions of the hypothalamus is to maintain homeostasis, to keep the human body in a stable, constant condition. The hypothalamus responds to a variety of signals from the internal and external environment including body temperature, hunger, feelings of being full up after eating, blood pressure and levels of hormones in the circulation.