Tag: rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation

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Multiple choice botany genetic technology dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure

Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms?

  1. Heavier isotope labelling

  2. Hybridization

  3. Recombinant DNA techniques

  4. X-ray diffraction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a genetically modified organism (GMO) with a new genotype. Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: inserting a foreign gene from one species into another, forming a transgenic organism; altering an existing gene so that its product is changed; or changing gene expression so that it is translated more often or not at all.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

In biolistic method of gene transfer, the microparticles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These microparticles are made up of

  1. Silver or Tungsten

  2. Arsenic or Silver

  3. Gold or Tungsten

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biolistic method or gene gun method is a direct or vectorless method of introducing DNA into cells that involves bombardment of cells with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. In biolistic method, tungsten or gold particles, coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target at a very high velocity.
So, the correct answer is 'Gold or tungsten'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into the cell?

  1. Using disarmed pathogen

  2. Microinjection

  3. Gene gun

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vectors, gene gun ( biolistic ) and microinjection are all viable techniques to insert foreign DNA into the host cell. So, the correct option is All of these.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Electroporation is

  1. Making transient pores in cell membranes to introduce gene constructs

  2. Fast passage of nutrients through phloem sieve pores by electric stimulation

  3. Opening of stomata by artificial light during night

  4. Purification of saline water with the help of membrane system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Electroporation is a technique used in molecular biology to create temporary pores in cell membranes using an electrical pulse, allowing foreign DNA or other molecules to enter the cell.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Genes can be inserted into human cells by

  1. PCR

  2. Xenotransplantation

  3. Modified viruses

  4. Modified microarrays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Modified viruses (viral vectors) are commonly used in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes into human cells because of their natural ability to infect cells.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Find the odd one among the following methods of rDNA transfer into host cell.

  1. Biolistics

  2. Gene gun

  3. Microinjection

  4. Retroviral vector
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are various methods of making the host cell competent for transformation with Recombinant DNA technology.

Microinjection method is one where the recommended DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of the animal cell. In the gene gun method, the bombardments on plant cell with high-velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA is done which is known as biolistic or gene gun.
The pathogen vectors are allowed to infect the cell and transfer the recombinant DNA into the host cell which is known as the retroviral vector method.
So, the correct option is 'Biolistics'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which cannot be used for direct gene transfer 

  1. Biolistics (gene gun)

  2. Microinjection

  3. Electroporation

  4. Agrobacterium tumefacians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Biolistics (gene gun), Microinjection and Electroporation are direct methods of gene transfer.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium, which can cause crown gall tumors at wound sites of infected dicotyledonous plants.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens acts as a vector for the transfer of genetic material hence it cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • Hence Agrobacterium tumefaciens cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which of these is used as vector in gene therapy for SCID?

  1. Arbovirus

  2. Rotavirus

  3. Enterovirus

  4. Parvovirus

  5. Retrovirus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

In gene therapy trials, the retrovirus is used as a vector to treat X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) represent the most successful application of gene therapy. The retrovirus genetic material is in the form of RNA molecules, and their hosts genetic material is in the form of DNA. When a retrovirus infects a host cell, it will introduce its RNA together with some enzymes, namely reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the cell. This RNA molecule from the retrovirus must produce a DNA copy from its RNA molecule before it can be integrated into the genetic material of the host cell. The process of producing a DNA copy from an RNA molecule is termed reverse transcription.