Tag: rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation

Questions Related to rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation

Chimeric DNA is

  1. Gene clone

  2. Recombinant - DNA

  3. Transposon

  4. Vector shuttle


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA, because they can be made of material from two different species, like the mythical chimera.
  • A chimera is essentially a single organism that is made up of cells from two or more individuals—that is, it contains two sets of DNA, with the code to make two separate organisms.
  •  R-DNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends.
So, the correct answer is 'Recombinant - DNA'.

Two bacteria found to be very useful in genetic engineering experiment are

  1. Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella

  2. Escherichia and Agrobacterium

  3. Nitrobacter and Azotobacter

  4. Rhizobium and Diplococcus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Till today, the most important in genetic engineering of plants has been the Ti plasmid of soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. E.Coli  has been extensively used as "work horse" for genetic engineering e.g., production of humulin, somatotropin. E. coli is one of the most thoroughly studied of all living things. It is a favorite organism for genetic engineering as cultures of it can be made to produce unlimited quantities of the product of an introduced gene. Several important drugs (insulin, for example) are now manufactured in E. coli. Thus, option B is correct. Nitrosomonas, Klebsiella, Nitrobacter, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and Diplococcus are not used in genetic engineering.

Which of the following most used in genetic engineering?

  1. E.coil and Agrobacterium

  2. Mycobacteria and Salmonella

  3. Aspergillus

  4. Penicillium


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genetic engineering is a branch of science that uses various biotechnological techniques to manipulate an organism's genome to  create species with desired traits. However, the process involves isolation, transfer and insertion of the new genetic material into host genomes and storage of genomes in organisms and selective markers for an indefinite period. Experiments have shown that certain bacteria has the ability to naturally take in and express foreign DNA.  It has been found that of these,  E.coli  has the ability to transfer DNA laterally to and from other species while Agrobacterium  can transfer genes to plants and fungi by causing crown gall disease.

Two bacteria most useful in genetic engineering are

  1. Rhizobium and Azotobacter

  2. Escherichia and Agrobacterium

  3. Rhizobium and Diplococcus

  4. Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella


Correct Option: B

Competent host in recombinant DNA technology is __________________.

  1. Any human cancer cell

  2. The cell ready to update align DNA

  3. A host cell without cell wall

  4. Agrobacterium cell


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option 'D' is correct.


Competent host is recombinant DNA technology is Agrobacterium cell. Competent host cell is required for transformation with recombinant DNA. Different types of available host cells are like E.cola, yeast, animal and plant cells. Eukaryotic cells will be preferred host, yeast-cells are preferred because this are simple eukaryotic organism and like bacteria are single-celles, easy to grow manipulated. Bacteria also acts enabled to pick up the recombinant-DNA.

Which of the following is mostly used in genetic engineering experiments?

  1. Bacillus subtilis

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Staphylococcus

  4. Escherichia coli


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Genetic engineering is a branch of science which uses a set of biotechnology techniques and knowledge of cytology and genetics to  bring modifications to an organism's genome.   For such research,  scientists need to store and modify the genes and genetic information from wide range of organisms into organisms that can be easy to transform.  Bacteria more commonly Escherichia coli is used to transform and create the genetically modified bacteria as this can be transformed and stored easily for indefinite periods at -80 C and replicate the modified DNA in short time period.

The uptake of naked DNA by bacteria is called

  1. Conjugation

  2. Transformation

  3. Transfection

  4. Transduction


Correct Option: B

R-II strain of $T 4$ bacteriophage cannot lyse Escherichia coli. Two of its types, R-$II^x$ and R-$II^y$ were allowed to invade the bacterium which lysed because of _________________.

  1. Transformation into wild type

  2. Presence of similar cistrons

  3. Presence of different cistrons

  4. Absence of mutation


Correct Option: A

The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of nonrecombinant bacteria because of

  1. Inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria

  2. Nonrecombinant bacteria contain beta galactosidase

  3. Insertional inactivation of $\alpha$-galactosidase in nonrecombinant bacteria

  4. Insertional inactivation of $\alpha$-galactosidase in recombinant bacteria


Correct Option: D

Changes in transcription after linking the cloned DNA of the putative promoter/enhancer region to cloned DNA of the coding region of an unrelated gene, can be measured rapidly with a high degree of sensitivity using.

  1. Transgenic technology

  2. Reporter gene technology

  3. cDNA technology

  4. Gene transfer technology


Correct Option: A