Tag: biotechnology: general introduction

Questions Related to biotechnology: general introduction

Use of biotechnology for medicinal purposes including production of antibiotics and cures through genomic manipulation is called?

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Green biotechnology

  2. Blue biotechnology

  3. Red biotechnology

  4. Grey biotechnology

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Red biotechnology(Bio-pharmaceutical) is a process that utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to fight diseases. It is a branch of modern biotechnology which is utilized in the field of medicine. Red biotechnology is not only limited to the pharmaceutical industry but also to the medical sector as it facilitates the alleviation of human suffering and enhances the quality of life. It has become tremendous use in clinical research and trials, gene therapy and in diagnostic of the gene. Genetic engineering, production, and development of various medicines to treat different life-threatening diseases, which is a part of the benefits of red biotechnology. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genomic manipulation.

So, the correct option is 'Red biotechnology'.

Which one of them is the cloned domestic animal (Afghan hound)?

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Cat

  2. Dog

  3. Endangered polar bear

  4. Camel

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Researchers in south Korea have produced a black-and-tan puppy named Snuppy that was cloned from an adult Afghan Hound. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Modern biotechnology consists of 

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Microbiology

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms. Biotechnology involves pure biological sciences like animal cell culture, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, microbiology, and molecular biology. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. 

The genes for antibiotic resistance are found in

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Chromosome

  2. Nucleus

  3. Cell wall

  4. Plasmid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Antibiotic resistance plasmids are bacterial extrachromosomal elements that carry genes conferring resistance to one or more antibiotics. Resistance genes are commonly found on plasmids, which are small extrachromosomal elements commonly found in bacteria. Plasmids are commonly able to move from one bacterial cell to another by a mechanism known as conjugation, which involves cell‐to‐cell contact followed by transfer of a copy of plasmid DNA from a donor to a recipient. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

The term biotechnology was given in 1917 by

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Arber

  2. Nathans

  3. Karl Erkey

  4. Kornberg

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Karl Ereky coined the word biotechnology in Hungary. This discovery and the naming was done in the year 1917. The term biotechnology is the branch of science which deals with the application of biological techniques for human welfare. It involves the modification of genes by the enzymatic action which leads to the production of some biological entity like antibodies, vaccines etc which benefits the mankind. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

The typical machine for production of bioproducts through microbia is

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Sterilized glassware

  2. Microprojectile

  3. Autoclave

  4. Fermenter

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fermenter is an apparatus that maintains optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms, used in large-scale fermentation and in the commercial production of antibiotics and hormones. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following approaches comes under the category of biotechnology?

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Use of modern technology to investigate biological disorders

  2. Modernising the commercial industries to produce products for use in biological research

  3. Use of living organisms or substances obtained from them in industrial processes

  4. Use of industrial technology to increase the biosphere

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.
So the correct option is 'use of living organisms or substances obtained from them in industrial processes'.

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. recombinant genes can be inserted into plant cells by microinjection

  2. a somatic plant cell can grow into a complete plant

  3. more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells

  4. plant genes do not contain introns

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Plants have the ability to grow into a complete plant from a single cell. While animals are only produced by their species and reproduction. Hence, they are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than an animal. 

So, the correct option is 'a somatic plant cell can grow into a complete plant'.

A genetically engineered micro - organism used successfully in remeditation of oil spills is a species of

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Trichoderma

  3. Xanthomonas

  4. Bacillus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Marine dwelling bacteria like Pseudomonas and fungi use the hydrocarbons as fuel and emit carbon dioxide as a result. The microbes break down the ring structures of the hydrocarbons in seaborne oil using enzymes and oxygen in the seawater. The end result is ancient oil turned into modern day bacterial biomass.

Restriction endonucleases are

commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

  1. Synthesized by bacteria

  2. Present in cells for degradation of foreign DNA

  3. Used in genetic engineering

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Restriction enzyme is a protein produced by bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule. In the bacterial cell, restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA, thus eliminating infecting organisms.
The goal of genetic engineering is changing the genetic makeup of an organism. To achieve this goal, scientists must have a way of rearranging genes to create new combinations of DNA. Restriction enzymes are one tool that can be used to accomplish this goal. A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e., each strand) of the DNA double helix.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.