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Materials of biological origin which are commonly used to maintain and improve soil fertility are

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. Green manure

  2. Biofertilizers

  3. Bioinsecticides

  4. Both (a) and (b)

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Most soils are naturally fertile but to maintain the fertile nature, fertilizers are needed. Green manure and biofertilizers contains range of nutrients in different proportions which are essential for plants.

Match the sets.

   Column I      Column II
 I  Artemisia tridentata   A  Saline soils    
 II  Capparis spinosa     B  Dominate in areas destructed by fires
 III  Pteris aquilina    C  Indicates intense soil erosion
 IV  Amaranthus and chenopodium  D Grow better in over grazed area        
business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. I- D, II- B, III- C, IV- A

  2. I- B, II- C, III- D, IV- A

  3. I- C, II- A, III- B, IV- D

  4. I- D, II- C, III- B, IV- A

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Artemisia tridentata is an aromatic shrub. It is commonly called as sagebrush. It belongs to the family Asteraceae which grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe and mountain habitats in the intermountain West of North America. 

Capparis spinosa is also called as Flinders rose is a perennial winter deciduous plant, that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers. It is also called as Flinders rose. The plant is best known for the edible flower buds, often used as a seasoning and the fruit, both of which are usually consumed pickled. The caper bush has developed a series of mechanisms, that reduce the impact of high radiation levels, high daily temperature, and insufficient soil water during its growing period. The caper bush has a curious reaction to sudden increases in humidity. Pteridium aquilinum is also known as eagle fern. It is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. It is called as a soil erosion indicator. The spores are light weighted so it can be distributed very easily.
Amaranthus and Chenopodium are plants, which prefer saline soils and are thus, called as halophiles.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Soil pollutants affecting food chains and food webs by killing microorganisms are?

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. Chemical fertilizers

  2. Agriculture wastes

  3. Pesticides

  4. Pathogens

  5. $NO _2$

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Chemical fertilizers are synthetic substances that provide the necessary nutrients for healthy plant growth and development. But the overfertilization may cause soil pollution which can then kill plants and other microorganisms and disturb the food chains.
So the correct answer is 'Chemical fertilizers'.

What is the main reason why the soil becomes contaminated?

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  1. Organic methods of farming

  2. Agriculture farming

  3. The presence of man made waste

  4. Afforestation

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Correct Option: C

Which of the following causes soil pollution?

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  1. Oil spill

  2. Fertilizers

  3. Acid rain

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The following are the main mechanisms that generate soil pollution:
A. Antropogenic – through human activity including:
1. Accidental spills and leaks during storage, transport or use of chemicals (e.g., leaks and spills of gasoline and diesel at gas stations);
2. Foundry activities and manufacturing processes that involve furnaces or other processes resulting in possible dispersion of contaminants in environment;
3. Mining activities involving crushing and processing of raw materials (such as mining activity);
4. Construction activities
5. Agricultural activities involving the spread of herbicides/pesticides/insecticides and fertilizers;
6. Transportation activities (e.g., vehicle emissions)
7. Dumping of chemicals (accidental or intended – such as illegal dumping);
Storage of wastes in landfills (which may leak to groundwater or generate polluted vapours)
8. Cracked paint chips falling from building walls, especially lead-based paint;
B. Natural causes:
1. Natural accumulation of compounds in soil due to imbalances between atmospheric deposition and leaching away with precipitation water (e.g., concentration and accumulation of perchlorate in soils in arid environments).
2. Natural production in soil under certain environmental conditions (e.g., natural formation of perchlorate in soil in the presence of a chlorine source, metallic object and using the energy generated by a thunderstorm).
3. Leaks from sewer lines into subsurface (e.g., adding chlorine which could generate trihalometanes such as chloroform).

Acid rain cause soil pollution by

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. Changing the chemical nature of soil

  2. Altering the fertility of soil

  3. Increasing the mineral content of the soil

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: D

What is the effect of soil pollution on growth of plants?

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. The ecological balance gets affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil.

  2. Growth of plants increases

  3. Growth of plants is retarted

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A

The abiotic factors which cause soil pollution is

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  1. Insect

  2. Deforestation

  3. Soil erosion

  4. Both B and C

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Correct Option: D

Brick kilns is a type of______ pollutants.

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. Natural

  2. Man-made

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Vehicular, industries, garbage, brick-kilns are some example of man made pollutants. These pollutants are under human control.

Which of the following has an adverse effect on the soil?

business organisation and correspondence waste and its management sources of waste protecting our environment rules are for everyone

  1. Increase in microbial content of the soil

  2. Increase in biodegradable waste

  3. Increase in agricultural waste

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The harmful change in the colour, texture, and quality of soil due to addition and removal of any material is called soil pollution. Soil pollution reduces the productivity of the soil. There are several pollutants that cause soil pollution. For example, agricultural wastes, radioactive wastes and discarded materials of hospitals etc. The agricultural waste includes pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, weedicides etc. These are the chemicals that are involved in changing the pH of the soil. For example, repeated use of fertilizers makes the soil acidic which in turn decreases the productivity of the soil. So, the correct option is C.