Tag: coordination in human beings- chemical control

Questions Related to coordination in human beings- chemical control

Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.

Glands Secretion Effect on body
A Oestrogen Maintenance of secondarysexual character
Alpha cellsof Islets ofLangerhans B Raises blood sugar level
Anteriorpituitary C Over secretion leads togigantism
biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A - Placenta, B - Glucagon, C - Calcitonin

  2. A - Ovary, B - Glucagon, C - Growth hormone

  3. A - Placenta, B - Insulin, C - Vasopressin

  4. A - Ovary, B -Insulin, C - Calcitonin

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The primary function of the ovary is the production of ova. In addition to it, ovary acts like an endocrine organ where it secretes oestrogen, progesterone under the influence of FSH. Oestrogen helps to develop and maintain the secondary sexual characters. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans which helps to maintain the glucose level by preventing glucose level from falling too low. The pituitary is the master gland of the body which controls the function of various other glands. It is divided into two lobes anterior and posterior. The posterior lobe secretes growth hormone, oversecretion of this hormone leads to gigantism and is mostly caused by a tumor in the gland. It results in the oversecretion of growth hormone. Thus the correct answer is option B.  


Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function and choose the correct option.

Sourcegland Hormone Function
(a) Thyroid Thyroxine Regulates blood calciumlevel
(b) Anteriorpituitary Oxytocin Contraction of uterusmuscles during child birth
(c) Posteriorpituitary Vasopressin Stimulates reabsorptionof water in the distaltubules in the nephron
(d) Corpusluteum Estrogen Supports pregnancy
biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. a

  2. b

  3. c

  4. d

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland in response to reductions in plasma volume, in response to increases in the plasma osmolality, and in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted by the small intestine. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron

Which of the following statements are false / true?
A. Calcitonin regulates the metabolism of calcium.
B. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during birth.
C. Grave's disease is caused by malfunctioning of adrenal gland.
D. ADH stimulates absorption of water and increase the urine production.

biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A and C are true ; B and D are false

  2. A and B are true ; C and D are false

  3. A and D are false ; B and C are true

  4. A, B and C are true ; D only false

  5. A only true ; B, C and D are false

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells (C-cells) of the thyroid gland in mammals. The concentration of calcium ion in extracellular fluids is the principal stimulus for the secretion of calcitonin by C-cells. Calcitonin acts as an emergency hormone to protect against the development of hypercalcemia. 

The two main actions of oxytocin in the body are the contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation. Oxytocin stimulates the uterine muscles to contract and also increases production of prostaglandins, which increase the contractions further. 

Select the correct matched pair.

(a) Pineal gland -   TSH
(b) Corpus luteum - Secretes oxytocin
(c) Interstitial cells - Erythropoietin
(d) Cholecystokinin - Stimulates pancreatic enzymesecretions
(e) Thyroxine - Adrenaline
biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. a

  2. b

  3. c

  4. d

  5. e

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cholecystokinin (CCK), formerly called as pancreozymin, is a digestive hormone released with secretin when food from the stomach reaches the duodenum. Cholecystokinin is secreted by cells of the upper small intestine. Its secretion is stimulated by the introduction of hydrochloric acid or fatty acids into the stomach or the duodenum. Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine. It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice.

Match the items in column 'A' with those given in column 'B'.
Column 'A'                               Column 'B'
A. ADH                                     i Pituitary
B. ACTH                                   ii Mineralocorticoid 
C. Aldosterone                          iii Diabetes mellitus
D. Insulin                                  iv Diabetes insipidus
E. Testosterone                          v Vasodilator
biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A- i, B- iv, C- ii, D- iii, E- v

  2. A- iv, B- ii, C- i, D- iii, E- v

  3. A- iv, B- i, C- ii, D- iii, E- v

  4. A- iv, B- i, C- iii, D- ii, E- iv

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It is caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When it is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) produced by the outer section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. 
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs. 
Testosterone acts as an efficacious vasodilator in the human pulmonary vasculature, with dilatation observed at physiological concentrations in the male arterial resistance bed.

Which of the following statement are false/true?
(A) Calcitonin regulates the metabolism of calcium.
(B) Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the uterine muscle during birth.
(C) Grave's disease is caused by malfunctioning of the adrenal gland.
(D) ADH stimulates absorption of water and increases the urine production.
biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A and C are true B and D are false.

  2. A and B are true C and D are false.

  3. A and D are true B and C are false.

  4. A, B and C are true D only false.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Calcitonin hormone stimulates temporary reduction in number and activity of osteoclasts and thereby reducing the blood calcium level to normal. Oxytocin facilitates uterine contractions to push the foetus downward which in turn stretches cervix more during childbirth. Oversecretion of thyroid hormones causes Graves’s disease. ADH stimulates absorption of water by collecting ducts resulting in production of concentrated urine and lower down the urine volume. Option B is correct answer.

Match the list I with list II and choose the correct answer.
List I                                                   List II
A. Adenohypophysis                 (1) Epinephrine 
B. Adrenal medulla                    (2) Somatotropin 
C Parathyroid gland                   (3) Thymosin 
D Thymus gland                         (4) Parathormone

biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A- 3, B- 1, C- 4, D- 2

  2. A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

  3. A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

  4. A- 4, B- 3, C- 2, D- 1

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland) is called as the adenohypophysis. This lobe contains cells, that produce prolactin, growth hormone (somatotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone. 

Cells in the adrenal medulla synthesize and secrete epinephrine (also called adrenaline). 
Parathormone is a hormone that is made by the parathyroid glands and is critical to maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance. 
Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells.

Salivary, tear, gastric and intestinal glands are examples of

biology endocrine system and adolescence different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Endocrine glands

  2. Exocrine glands

  3. Embryonic tissue

  4. Simple glands

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of Exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. 

So, the correct option is B ( Exocrine gland )

Which among the following are ductless glands?

biology endocrine system and adolescence different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Exocrine gland

  2. Endocrine gland

  3. Mixed gland

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: B

Endocrine glands put their secretions directly into

biology endocrine system and adolescence different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Ducts

  2. Blood

  3. Both

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct because endocrine glands lack ducts. Hence they are also called ductless glands.
  • The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands.
  • Hence endocrine glands put their secretions directly into the blood.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Blood'.