Tag: biotechnology and its applications

Questions Related to biotechnology and its applications

Among the following stem cells, which are found in the umblical cord 

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  1. Embryonic stem cells

  2. Adult stem cells

  3. Cord blood stem cells

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The umblical cord contains haematopoetic stem cells that can give rise to both RBCs as well as WBCs and are used in the treatment of blood cell diseases like Leukemia. Haematopoetic stem cells are also called cord blood stem cells
So, the correct answer is 'Cord blood stem cells'

Do animals have tissues similar to meristematic tissues in plants? If yes, what are they?

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  1. Epithelial cells

  2. Germ cells

  3. Stem cells

  4. They don't have similar cells

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Animals have stem cells which are similar to the meristematic tissues in plants. They are capable to divide. These are undifferentiated cells which later on gets specialized. They divide continuously and help in the growth and repair of the body.

Cellular totipotency was for the first time demonstrated by  _____________.

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  1. F.C. Steward

  2. P. Maheshwari

  3. W.H. Muir

  4. Y.P.S. Bajaj

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A- The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant is called totipotency. The first evidence of totipotency was given by F.C.Steward et al in 1950 in USA.

The inherent capacity of a cell to regenerate a new whole organism or plant is called as

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  1. Ontogeny

  2. Totipotency

  3. Differentiation

  4. Homeostasis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The inherent potentiality of a plant cell to give rise to a whole plant is described as cellular totipotency. This is a capacity which is retained even after a cell has undergone final differentiation in the plant body. In plants, even highly mature and differentiated cells retain the ability to regenerate to a meristematic state as long as they have an intact membrane
system and a viable nucleus. This is contradicting to animals, where differentiation is generally irreversible. Totipotent cells can form all the cell types in a body, plus the extra embryonic, or placental, cells. Embryonic cells within the first couple of cell divisions after fertilization are the only cells that are totipotent in animals.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Which one of the following is the true definition of totipotent cell? 

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  1. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into an organ.

  2. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into a system or entire plant.

  3. Cells that lack the capability of differentiating into an organ or system.

  4. Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into complete embryo.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Totipotency is defined as the ability of a single cell to get differentiated, including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes. Thus, each totipotent cell is a self-contained entity that can give rise to the whole organism. 
So, the correct answer is option B.

The term 'totipotency' means

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  1. A group of animals of unrelated characters

  2. The capacity of a cell to regenerate into a whole plant

  3. Hybrids formed as a result of somatic hybridization

  4. Sexually produced offsprings

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Totipotency is the ability of cells such as an embryonic stem cell to differentiate into any type of body cell. Plant cells are also totipotent, which helps to explain why a graft of a plant can generate a whole new individual out of just a small branch cutting.

What are stem cells?

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  1. Ability of renew themselves

  2. Do not have a ability of renewal

  3. Totipotent

  4. Both A and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multicellular organisms.
  • They are characterized by the ability to renewing themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiation into the diverse range of specialized cell types. Example: bone marrow cells.
    Hence, option D is correct.

Stem cell therapy was first done by

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  1. James E. Till.

  2. Ernest A. McCulloch.

  3. Eva Engvall.

  4. Both A and B.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The technique in which the stem cells are transplanted from donor into the patient for production of the new cells is known as the stem cell therapy. This technique was performed by James E. Till and Ernest A. Mc Culloch. These scientists were performing experiments on the bone marrow of the mice using radiations. They discovered the existence of the stem cells in the bone marrow.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be

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  1. Autologous.

  2. Allogeneic.

  3. Syngeneic.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hematopoietic stem cells are obtained from the bone marrow and used for transplantation. There are different types of transplantations in which the donor from which the stem cells are received differs. In the case of the autologous stem cell transplantation, the stem cells are obtained from the same individual. In an allogeneic system, the stem cells can be obtained from any related or non-related person who is compatible with the patient. In the syngeneic stem cell transplantation, the stem cells are obtained from the identical twin.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Stem cells can be

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  1. Pluripotent.

  2. Multipotent.

  3. Totipotent.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Stem cells are the cells which can form different cells which can differentiate and perform different functions. The pluripotent stem cells are the cells which can generate all the cells in the body of an organism. The multipotent stem cells are cells which can form more than one type of cell. The totipotent cells are the cells which can differentiate to form all the type of cells in the body as well as the extraembryonic structures like the placenta. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.