Tag: biotechnology and its applications

Recombinant DNA technology is the fundamental technique that allows scientists to cut, join, and insert DNA from one organism into another, enabling genetic engineering.

Pigs are often researched as potential organ donors for humans (xenotransplantation) because their organ sizes are similar to humans, and they can be genetically modified to reduce immune rejection.

Transgenic animals are created to study diseases, test safety, and produce proteins, not to stimulate or create new pathogens.

Transgenic mice are specifically designed to be sensitive to certain pathogens or toxins, making them excellent models for testing the safety and efficacy of vaccines.

Using E. coli to produce insulin allows for large-scale, cost-effective, and unlimited production of human insulin, which is safer than insulin derived from animal pancreases.

Transgenic Organism or Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Bacteria are the easiest organism to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification etc. There is a potential to use them for environmental purposes or as medicines.

There are various genes that are found in animals and pants that are of important use for the humans. These genes are extracted and then introduced into organisms by genetic engineering.

Agrobacterium tumefacians is used for the production of transgenic plants as it carries a plasmid capable of inducing tumors in plants. These tumors can be artificially induced by transferring the gene into a plant which otherwise is not prone to infection, where the plasmid is genetically engineered for inserting a particular gene, for example, the transfer of delta endotoxin and npt II gene, from Bacillus thuringiensis, in commercially useful plants like cotton to protect it from its predator, the gall worm

Bio-remediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Bio-remediation is a treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances. 

Transgenic plants are created by introducing a foreign gene (transgene) from another organism into the plant's genome, allowing it to express new traits.