Tag: biotechnology and its applications

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Questions Related to biotechnology and its applications

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Biolistices (gene - gun) is suitable for 

  1. disarming pathogen vectors

  2. transformation of plant cells
  3. constructing recombinant $DNA$ by joining with vectors
  4. $DNA$ finger printing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In genetic engineering, a gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for delivering exogenous DNA (transgenes) to cells. The payload is an elemental particle of a heavy metal coated with DNA (typically plasmid DNA). This technique is often simply referred to as biolistics.

This device is able to transform almost any type of cell, including plants, and is not limited to transformation of the nucleus; it can also transform organelles, including plastids.

So the correct option is 'transformation of plant cells'.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

First transgenic plant released for commercial use was

  1. $Bt-$cotton

  2. tobacco

  3. golden rice

  4. solan gola
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A nematode affected the roots of the tobacco plant on the cost of great production and yield. Strategies adopted to prevent this infection that was based on the process of RNA interference. RNA interference is the phenomena of inhibiting the activity of a gene through production sense and antisense RNA. The method involves a specific and RNA silencing. The result was that the parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA. Transgenic plant thus gets protected from the parasite.
So, the correct option is 'tobacco'
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

(A) Source of sense &- Transposon 
      Antisense RNA gene
(B) Host of sense &- Tobacco 
      Antisense  RNA gene
(C)   Site of iRNA  - Tobacco 
        Production
(D) Site of pre RISC  - Meloidegyne     
      formation
(E) Site of pre RISC to RISC &- Meloidegyne     
      conversion
(F) Destruction  of- Gastric tract of      
      functional m-RNA    Meloidegyne      gene
In Nematode resistant plant formation, among
given combinations which are incorrect

  1. D & E

  2. D & F

  3. C & E

  4. A & F
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Transgenic plants are those plants whose genome is altered by the addition of one or more transgenes. Tobacco plant is the most common plant for expressing the transgenes. As the genome of tobacco plant is completely studied. The transgenic plants are transcribed in such a way that they develop tolerance against stress, salt, herbicide and also for vaccine productions. There are several transgenes which are inserted in tobacco plant like cry2Aa gene which gives resistance against any worms.
  • The Meloidogyne does not perform the conversion of sites like pre-RISC to RISC. The Meloidogyne gene is obtained by the species Meloidegyne incognita which are mainly responsible for causing root knot in plants.
  • Therefore the correct answer is option "A".
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Which one the following is a transgenic crop?

  1. Brinjal

  2. Potato

  3. Grape

  4. Pomato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species. In many cases, the inserted DNA has to be modified slightly in order to correctly and efficiently express in the host organism. The pomato is a chimera produced by grafting a tomato plant and a potato plant, both of which are members of the Solanaceae family. Pomato plants make food production more efficient, as they maximize the amount of crops that can be produced on a piece of land. In addition, grafting can improve resistance to bacteria, viruses and fungi, attract a more diverse group of pollinators and provide a sturdy trunk for delicate ornamental plants.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are

  1. Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium

  2. Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field

  3. Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium

  4. Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are generated with the help of recombinant DNA technology (RDT). Recombinant DNA is a DNA that constitute genes or parts of genes from two or more organisms, usually of different species (or is specifically the gene of interest). Thus, transgenic plants are generated by incorporating foreign DNA into the target organism, and it helps in the formation of the transgenic plant. Transgenic plants are also known as the GMO as the process of genetic engineering and RDT plays an important role in their development.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

The genetically modified crops introduced in India are

  1. Cotton

  2. Mustard

  3. Wild plants

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. For example, in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments (e.g., resistance to a herbicide) or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. GM mustard is being developed to increase the productivity of mustard to meet the ever-growing demand for edible oil in the country. Bt cotton is a genetically modified variety of cotton producing an insecticide. It is produced by Monsanto. It is supplied in India's Maharashtra state.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are produced by using Ti plasmid from the

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. E.coli

  3. Bacteriophage

  4. Agrobacterium varians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A Ti or tumour inducing plasmid is a circular plasmid that is a part of the genetic equipment that Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes use to transduce its genetic material to plants. The Ti plasmid is lost when Agrobacterium is grown above 28$^o$C. Such, cured bacteria do not induce crown galls, i.e., they become avirulent.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

A transgenic food crop which may help solving the problem as night blindness in developing countries

  1. Flavr Savr tomatoes

  2. Starlink maize

  3. Bt soybean

  4. Golden rice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Night blindness is the inability to see normally in subdued light. It is usually a result of vitamin A deficiency. Golden rice is such a biofortified crop. Golden rice grains are easily recognisable by their yellow to orange colour. The stronger the colour the more carotene. Rice produces provitamin A (carotene) in the leaves but not in the grain, where the biosynthetic pathway is turned off during plant development. In golden rice, two genes have been inserted into the rice genome by genetic engineering, to restart the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway leading to the production and accumulation of carotene in the grains. Both genes are naturally involved in carotene biosynthesis. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

The improved trait in golden rice is

  1. High glysine content

  2. High protein content

  3. Insect resistance

  4. High vitamin A content
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice. The research was conducted with the goal of producing a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A, a deficiency which is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5 each year.
Golden rice differs from its parental strain by the addition of three beta-carotene biosynthesis genes.