Tag: mendel's law of inheritance

A human female produces only one type of ovum having half the number of autosomes and one X chromosome. However, a male produces two types of sperms having half the number of autosomes and either an X or a Y chromosome. In case, the sperm with X type of chromosome fertilizes ovum then a female child is produced and if the sperm with a Y chromosome fertilizes the ovum a male child is produced. Hence, the type of sperm that actually fertilizes the ovum determines the sex of the baby.

• Father determines the sex of the child as there are two types of sperms ( 23+XX and 23+XY) while all eggs are same (23+XX).
• Father inherits the character to both son and daughter as each offspring whether boy or girl receives half of their genome from mother and another half from father.
• So, the correct option is 'None of the above'.

A gamete may carry either the dominant or the recessive factor but not both as we find in F₁ individuals. This is why it is called either as 'principle of segregation' or as 'law of purity of gametes'. This concept of segregation is often called Mendel's first principle. The alleles of contrasting characters selected in the monohybrid cross will show exact Dominance and Recessive relationships. Monohybrid cross refers to  mating between two organisms with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest. The character(s) being studied in a monohybrid cross are governed by two or multiple variations for a single locus.

A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA which is made up of nucleotides and is the molecular unit of heredity. It controls the development and function of all organs and all working systems in the body. Genes are passed from parent to offspring; the combination of these genes affects all aspects of the human body, from eye and hair colour to how well the liver can process toxins. 

Genes are the segment of DNA which carries information from parents to offsprings. It is the basic unit of heredity as they code for proteins which in turn determine the genetic traits. Genes are a continuous stretch of DNA and are linearly arranged on chromosomes. Chromatids are two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome. Nucleotides serve as a monomer of DNA. Codon is a base triplet of the gene that specifies specific amino acid. The correct answer is A.

Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. When he explained about heredity for the first time ever, the term "Gene" which is now being used, was not given. After his demise only, most of his research studies came to lime light. According to his explanations, he called them as 'Factor' or determiner which was otherwise known as heredity units.

Genes are the functional hereditary units.  Gene is also defined as the functional unit of DNA which codes for a character. Genes are located on chromosomes, which are then carried to the next generation and thus plays a great role in heredity.