Tag: mendel's law of inheritance

Dihybrid cross proves the law of independent assortment. Mendel found that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation. This is known as Law of independent assortment. Dihybrid cross - cross between two parents that differ by two pairs of alleles (AABB X aabb). The formation of gametes is an application of this law.

Hugo DeVries (Holland), Carl Correns (Germany) and Erich Von Tschermak (Austria) were the three European geneticists who work and rediscovered Mendel's law of heredity in 1900. They expand basic principle of the Mendelian laws of inheritance in more scientific way. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Principle of segregation: According to the principle, for any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring. Which allele in a parent's pair of alleles is inherited is a matter of chance. We now know that this segregation of alleles occurs during the process of sex cell formation.

 1) J.Mendel's carried out a various experiment on garden pea in a scientific manner and gave principles which are now known Mendel's law of inheritance. The principle of segregation is also called as the law of purity of gametes is first law of Mendle. A gamete may carry either the dominant or the recessive factor but not both as we find in F11 individuals. The gametes which are formed are always pure for a particular character. This is why it is called either as the principle of segregation or law of purity of gametes. 2) As per the law of dominance, dominant characters will express in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions. Whereas, recessive characters are the characters which can express only when it is present in homozygous condition. F1generation thus, shows the mixing of characters and will not inherit as such without mixing. 3) According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, during the inheritance of two or more characters, the assortment of individual traits takes place independently during gamete formation. Thus each allele of a pair segregates independently and each gamete formed contains one allele of that trait. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The law of segregation states that every individual contains a pair of alleles for each particular trait which segregate or separate during cell division for any particular trait and that each parent passes a randomly selected copy called as allele to its offspring. The offspring then receives its own pair of alleles of the gene for that trait by inheriting sets of homologous chromosomes from the parent organisms. Interactions between alleles at a single locus are termed dominance and these influence how the offspring expresses that trait. The law states that when any individuals produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy allele. A gamete will receive one allele or the other.

According to Mendel's law, the alleles separate and segregate into gametes during meiosis. 

Mendel's law of segregation : Allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization. There are four main concepts related to this principle. They are as follows:

Mendel's law of segregation states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization. Organisms inherit two alleles for each trait. When gametes are produced by meiosis, allele pairs separate leaving each cell with a single allele for each trait. When the two alleles of a pair are different, one is dominant and the other is recessive.

3:1 ratio was the important clue for Mendle to crack the law of inheritance. When he crossed the two pea plants in a scientific manner, the result obtained were in the ratio of 3:1 and he concluded that individual has two copies of a given gene that determines the trait of the offspring. He gave the law of segregation i.e., one of the two gene copies present in the individual is passed on to the gametes. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Mendel's law is valid only when two pure breeding contrasting characters are crossed. In that case the dominant trait will be expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions. Mendel's second law is only valid for genes located in different chromosomes. For genes situated in the same chromosome, i.e., linked genes the law is not valid since the segregation of these genes is not independent.