Tag: biotechnology and genetic engineering

Quizzes (15) Questions (193)

Questions Related to biotechnology and genetic engineering

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

NaCl is harmful to most crop plants. A scientist at the University of Toronto genetically modified plant so that it could be grown in dry parts of the world where the available water has a high level of NaCl. This genetically modified plant crop with the high levels of NaCl by transporting salt into its vacuoles where it accumulates to abnormally high levels. Which feature would be observed in the genetically modified plant when compared to a non-modified plant?

  1. The leaves in the modified plant are more yellow in colour.

  2. The modified plant has salt crystals on the surface of its leaves.

  3. The cytosol (the material between the plasma membrane and the vacuole membrene, excluding the organelles) in the modified plant has a lower osmotic pressure.

  4. The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.

  5. The osmotic pressure is the same in both plants.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In conditions of high salinity, an important mechanism to survive salt stress relies on the accumulation of excess cytoplasmic Na+ in vacuoles, reducing the amount in the cytoplasm and providing osmotic pressure. The transgenic plants accumulate more Na and K in their leaf tissue. The increased accumulation of sodium is due to the consequence of the activity of the vacuolar sodium proton antiporter. The net increase in the concentration of solutes in the cell leads to an increase in the uptake of water so that the transgenic plants can maintain turgor. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which statement about the foreign genetic material in genetically modified (GM) crop plants or animals is false?

  1. It must be inserted again in each generation.

  2. It alters the phenotype of the GM plant or animal.

  3. It may be subject to natural selection by weather, pests and diseases.

  4. It may be transferred to related non-crop plants or animals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Inserted genes usually come from a different species in a form of horizontal gene-transfer. Hence, the genetic material need not be inserted again in each generation.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which one of the following is used in the manufacture of alcohol?

  1. Bacteria

  2. Water moulds

  3. Yeasts

  4. Slime moulds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the production of alcoholic beverages and ethanol fuel, and in the rising of bread dough. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Alcoholic beverages are obtained with the help of

  1. Penicillium

  2. Yeast

  3. Blue-green algae

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases and/or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria. Fermentation has been used by humans for the production of food and beverages as well as for producing alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which of the following is used in the production of leavened bread?

  1. Aspergillus

  2. Rhizopus

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in baking industry to bring about desired changes in flavour and texture of the baked products, are sold as baker's yeast. These yeasts have ability to ferment the sugar in the dough. The carbon dioxide produced during fermentation is responsible for the leavening (i,e., raising of the dough). Both CO$ _2$ and alcohol escape during baking so that the bread and other baked products become porous and soft.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

The microorganism useful for fermentation of industrial production of beer is

  1. Streptomyces olivaceous

  2. Aspergillus niger

  3. Penicillium notatum

  4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Yeasts are the main producers of wine and beer. In that the most important and high yielding strain is the saccharomyces cerevisiae. They ferment the sugars that comes the grapes and barley. 

Streptomyces olivaceous is used in the production of antibiotics. 
Aspergillus niger is used in the production of organic acids like the citric acid 
Pencillium notatum is used in the production of penicillin.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.


Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

The utility of fungi for steroid conversion was demonstrated by

  1. Kohler and Milstein

  2. Murray and Peterson

  3. Kornberg and Miller

  4. Waksman and Monad
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Murray and Peterson demonstrated the utility of fungi for steroid conversion by using the Rhizopus stolonifer. Whereas the technique for development of monoclonal antibody was demonstrated by Kohler and Milstein. Waksman and Monad demonstrate the synthesis of streptomycin antibody from streptomyces species. Kornberg and Miller are known for the purification of the DNA polymerase 1 enzyme. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Aspergillus niger is commercially used to prepare

  1. Lactic acid

  2. Acetic acid

  3. Citric acid

  4. Methanoic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Aspergillus is utilized industrially in a number of ways. Most sodas and soft drinks contain citric acid as the main ingredient. Citric acid is also used in other drinks, many candies, canned goods, baked goods, etc. It is too expensive to isolate the citric acid from citrus fruits so it is produced in the large-scale fermentation of sugar by utilizing Aspergillus niger. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Cider is prepared by

  1. Action of Lactobacillus on milk.

  2. Action of Saccharomyces on apple juice.

  3. Action of Saccharomyces on cane sugar.

  4. Action of Bacillus on ramie.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cider is also called the apple cider. This is an alcoholic product that is prepared from the fermentation of apples with the yeast Saccharomyces. Whereas Lactobacillus in milk converts it into the curd, Saccharomyces produces alcohol by the fermentation process in cane sugar and Bacillus Is used to bleach ramie fiber. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the formation of

  1. Ethanol

  2. Methanol

  3. Acetic acid

  4. Antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The term "Yeast" is a morphological term that refers to a one-celled fungus. Most yeasts, including Saccharomyces reproduce by budding, where the daughter cells bleb off from a small pore in the side of the mother cell. S. cerevisiae is famously known for its role in food production. It is the critical component in the fermentation process that converts sugar into alcohol, an ingredient shared in beer, wine and distilled beverages. It is also used in the baking process as a leavening agent; yeast releasing gas into their environment results in the spongy-like texture of breads and cakes. Because of its role in fermentation, humans have known about and used Saccharomyces cerevisiae for a long time. In a process called as fermentation, yeast feeds off sugars from their substrate and convert it to ethanol, giving these beverages their alcoholic content. Depending on the beverage, yeast is incorporated into the creation process in several ways.