Tag: biotechnology and genetic engineering

Questions Related to biotechnology and genetic engineering

Man-made cereal is

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Triticum

  2. Hordeum

  3. Triticale

  4. Eleusine

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
1) Triticum: Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat.
2) Hordeum is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family
3) Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). The name triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) combines the scientific names of the two genera involved.
4) Eleusine is a genus of Asian, African, and South American plants in the grass family, sometimes called by the common name goosegrass.

So, the correct answer is 'Triticale'.

The egg secretes pherohormone in ____________.

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Chara

  2. Chlamydomonas

  3. Fucus

  4. Polysiphonia

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Correct Option: A

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the genetic modification of crops?

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses.

  2. It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants.

  3. It helps to reduce post harvest losses.

  4. In enhances the nutritional value of food.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Genetic modification has:
(i) Made crops more tolerant to abiotic stress (cold, drought, salt, heat.)
(ii) Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
(iii) Helped to reduce on post-harvest losses.
(iv) Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil ).
(v) Enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., Vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
In addition to these uses, GM has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply alternative resources to industries, in the form of starch, fuel, and pharmaceuticals. 
So, the correct answer is 'It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants.'

'Flavr Savr' variety of tomato which remains fresh for a longer period than normal tomato variety

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Has high amount enzyme polygalacturonase

  2. Has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase

  3. Is a pest resistant variety

  4. Is rich in vitamin A and prevents night blindness.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The tomato variety 'Flavr Savr' presents an example where expression of a native tomato gene has been blocked. Fruit softening is promoted by the enzyme polygalacturonase, which degrades pectin. Production of polygalacturonase is blocked in the transgenic tomato variety 'Flavr Savr'. So, fruits of this tomato variety remain fresh and retain their flavour much longer than do the fruits of normal tomato varieties. Additionally, the fruits have a superior taste and increased total soluble solids.

So, the correct answer is 'Has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase'.

Study the following statements and select the incorrect ones.


(i) 'Bt' in 'Bt cotton' indicates that is a genetically modified crop produced through biotechnology.
(ii) The anticoagulant 'hirudin' is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seeds.
(iii) 'Flavr Savr' transgenic tomatoes remain fresh for a longer period than the normal tomato variety.
(iv) Golden rice is a transgenic variety of Oryza sativa, which is rich in $\beta$-carotene and helps to prevent night blindness.

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. (i) only

  2. (i) and (iv)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

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Correct Option: A

Which statements about genetically modified (GM) food is false?

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Scientists have used genetic modification, In various forms, as a mean of improving crop yields, crop quality, and pest resistance for many years.

  2. Genetic modification includes products made by artificial mutagenesis and by non-natural crosses between unrelated species.

  3. A major difficulty in labelling foods as 'GM-free' is that it is virtually impossible to measure genetically modified DNA or protein molecules in most food made from GM crops.

  4. The recent decision by McCain Foods to stop processing GM potatoes means that they will eventually use less pesticides to produce the potatoes that are required to make fries.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

GM food or genetically modified food is obtained from crops improved by artificial mutagenesis and non-natural crosses between unrelated species. GM food production does not involve use of pesticides etc., but includes incorporation of pest resistance genes either through mutation or through transferring it from an insect resistant species.

What is meant by GM foods?

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Growth modified foods

  2. Genetically modified food

  3. Growth marked foods

  4. Good mobility food

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Correct Option: B

A genetically modified crop can be formed by inserting the genes of

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Another plant

  2. Bacteria

  3. Some animals

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant, which does not occur naturally in the species. 

Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g., resistance to a herbicide) or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. 
Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation. A genetically modified crops can be formed by inserting the genes of other plants, bacteria, animals, etc.

Which country has decided to label those GM foods that are found to be safe?

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Brazil

  2. China

  3. Japan

  4. South Africa

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also genetically engineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

Mandatory labeling of GM foods that are found to be safe is practised in the European Union, Japan and New Zealand.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Which statement about genetically modified (GM) foods is false?

botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

  1. Scientists have used genetic modification, in various forms, as a means of improving crop yields, crop quality, and pest resistance for many years.

  2. Genetic modification includes products made by artificial mutagenesis and by non-natural crosses between unrelated spscies.

  3. A major difficulty in labelling foods as GM-free is that it is virtually impossible to measure genetically modified DNA or protein molecules in most food made from GM crops.

  4. The recent decision by McCain foods to stop processing GM potatoes means that they will eventually use less pesticides to produce the potatoes that are required to make fries.

  5. A major environmental concern with GM crops is that engineered genes will escape into the environment, resulting in the origin of superweeds (aggressive undersirable plant species).

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

McCain foods has decided to stop processing genetically modified potatoes, because of pressure from consumers who fear damage to the environment and human health. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.