Tag: nuclear physics

Questions Related to nuclear physics

Which is the material responsible for controlling the chain reaction in nuclear reactor?

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Boron

  2. Zirconium

  3. Beryllium

  4. Lead

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Beryllium

Beryllium is considered to be a basically an excellent material fir moderators and reflectors in nuclear reaction, because of its nuclear properties and many of its other physical and mechanical properties.

In a nuclear reactor, it is desirable to use reactor core in the form of ____________.

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. cubical or cylindrical

  2. cubical or spherical

  3. cylindrical or spherical

  4. spherical

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In a nuclear reactor core from a physical standpoint, the best reactor core shape is a sphere, but design considerations often dictate a cylindrical shape.

The nuclear reaction that takes place in a nuclear reactor is a/an ________ .

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. controlled fission reaction

  2. uncontrolled fission reaction

  3. nuclear fusion reaction

  4. none of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Controlled fission reaction takes place in nuclear reactor.

In nuclear reactor, graphite is used as ___________.

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Fuel

  2. Coolant

  3. Moderator

  4. Electrode

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving U-235 or a fissile nuclide. Graphite is used as moderator in nuclear reactor.

If natural uranium is used as fuel, the moderator used will be _________.

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Ordinary water

  2. Graphite

  3. Boron

  4. Heavy water

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Heavy water $(D _2O)$ is used as moderator in nuclear power plants.

Water in boiling water reactor is used as ___________.

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Coolant

  2. Moderator

  3. Both coolant and moderator

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Boiling water is used as both coolant and moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons.

Heavy water is ________.

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. $DO$

  2. $D _2O$

  3. $D _3O _2$

  4. $D _2O _2$

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$D _2O$

Heavy water ($D _2O$) , also known as deuterium oxide, water composed of deuterium , the hydrogen isotope with a mass double that of ordinary hydrogen and oxygen. 

The process of increasing the percentage of fissionable $U-235$ in naturally occurring Uranium is called _________ .

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. controlled fission

  2. artificial transmutation

  3. chemical process

  4. enrichment

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of increasing the percentage of fissionable $U-235$ in naturally occurring Uranium is called enrichment.

In a nuclear reactor, nuclear energy is obtained by breaking the nucleus of uranium by :

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. fast moving neutrons

  2. fast moving electrons

  3. slow moving electrons

  4. slow moving neutrons

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

D

In fission each nucleus of uranium -235 emits on an average more than two neutrons. If one of these two neutrons is absorbed by another uranium -235 nucleus, causing it to fission, thus we can have a sustainable chain reaction. However, only a slow neutron, rather than a fast neutron has a high cross section( chance) of absorption. That is why slow moving neutrons are used. 

The sources of energy obtained in a nuclear reaction are :

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Mass defect

  2. Binding energy

  3. Fission

  4. Fusion

  5. All of these

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Correct Option: E
Explanation:

In fusion a heavy nucleus is splitted into two nuclei of comparable masses. The mass of parent nucleus is greater than the total mass of daughter nuclei, some mass is disappeared, this is mass defect and this mass appeared as the binding energy.

In fusion two or more than two light nuclei fuse together to form a heavy nucleus. The sum of masses of light nuclei is greater than the total mass of heavy nucleus, some mass is disappeared, this is mass defect and this mass appeared as the binding energy.