Tag: nuclear physics

Questions Related to nuclear physics

A positron is emitted from $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a} _{11}^{23}$. The ratio of the atomic mass and atomic number of the resulting nuclide is

physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

  1. $22/10$

  2. $22/11$

  3. $23/10$

  4. $23/12$

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

When a positron is emitted from nucleus, proton will convert into a neutron. So atomic number will be decrease by one  but atomic mass will be constant. 

Thus, atomic mass / atomic number $=23/(11-1)=23/10 $

$ _{6}^{11}\textrm{C}$ on decay produces 

physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

  1. positron

  2. $\alpha-$ particle

  3. $\beta-$ particle

  4. $ _{5}^{11}\textrm{B}$

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Correct Option: A,C,D
Explanation:

$ _{6}^{11}\textrm{C}\rightarrow _{5}^{11}\textrm{B}+ _{+1}^{0}\textrm{e}$

Masses of two isobars $ _{29}^{64}\textrm{Cu}$ and $ _{30}^{64}\textrm{Zn}$ are $63.9298 amu$ and $63.9292 amu$ respectively. It can be concluded from these data that 

physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

  1. Both the isobars are stable

  2. $^{64}Zn$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Cu$ through $\beta -$ decay

  3. $^{64}Cu$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Zn$ through $\lambda -$ decay

  4. $^{64}Cu$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Zn$ through $\beta -$ decay

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Since mass of the isobar has decreased, an electron has been ejected.

Thus $^{64} _{29}Cu$ decays to $^{64} _{30}Zn$ through the $\beta - $ decay as-
$^{64} _{29}Cu\rightarrow^{64} _{30}Zn+^{0} _{-1}e$

The man-made element which was made in the nuclear reactor is

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. polonium

  2. plutonium

  3. thorium

  4. uranium

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The man-made element which was made in the nuclear reactor is plutonium. Polonium, thorium and uranium are naturally find in the nature.

In nuclear reactor, Cadmium rods are used as

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Fuel

  2. Moderator

  3. Control Rods

  4. None

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cadmium, Boron and Steel rods are used as control rods in a nuclear reactor.
Commonly moderators are Heavy water, graphite and Beryllium and Berillium oride.
Common fuels are Uranium $(^{238}U)$, enriched Uranium $(^{235}U)$ and plutonium $(^{236}{Pu})$ and $^{232}{Th}$

The material used to slow the neutrons in a reactor is called

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Control rod

  2. Moderator

  3. Fuel

  4. Heat exchanger

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The function of a moderator is to slow down the fast moving neutrons.
The function of control rod is to absorb (capture) the neutrons.

Nuclear fission is caused by :

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. Fast protons

  2. Fast neutrons

  3. Slow protons

  4. Slow neutrons

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nuclear fission is caused by both fast and slow neutrons.

The fuel used in nuclear power plants is

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. U-235

  2. U-238

  3. U-236

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The fuel in nuclear power plant is U-235 Uranium-235 Is an isotope of Uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium. It is the only fissile isotope with a primordial nuclide found in significant quantity in nature.

The first atomic reactor was made by 

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. $Fermi$

  2. $Bohr$

  3. $Taylor$

  4. $Rutherford$

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in  on 2 December 1942, under the supervision of Enrico Fermi.

Boron rods in a nuclear reactor are used to 

chemistry nuclear physics nuclear reactor the nuclear power station isotopes and nuclear chemistry

  1. absorb excess neutrons

  2. absorb alpha particle

  3. slow down the reaction

  4. speed up the reaction

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
When a neutron collides with the uranium atom, then energy is released along with three more neutrons which further collide with another uranium atom an so the chain reaction continues. Thus boron rods in nuclear reactor are used to absorb excess neutrons so that the reaction rate remains under control.