Tag: nuclear physics

Questions Related to nuclear physics

The rad is the correct unit used to report the measurement of 

physics nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. the rate of decay of radioactive source

  2. the ability of a beam of gamma ray photons to produce ions in a target

  3. the energy delivered by radiation to a target.

  4. the biological effect of radiation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rad is the unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation. One rad is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when soft tissue is exposed to one-roentgen of medium-voltage radiation.  Thus this is the bilogical effect of radiation. 

Radiation exposure comes from

physics nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. Background Sources

  2. Manmade sources

  3. Medical processes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Because of Man made processes , there will be radiation exposure. For example we can take bricks , it causes radiation

Because of Medical processes , we will get several radiation exposures . For example X ray radiation etc
Background sources also causes radiation
Therefore option $D$ is correct

The various types of nuclear reactors that have been constructed to furnish heat for the production of steam differ from each other in what ways? 

chemistry nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. In what kind of moderator is used

  2. How the reactor core is cooled

  3. How the heat energy is used to generate steam

  4. They can differ in all of the above ways

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

They can differ in all the above ways 

A nuclear reactor can be classified depends on the moderator used, reactor core cooling method, use of heat energy and many more. 

The natural uranium ore is processed and enriched at the Nuclear Fuel complex at

chemistry nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. Kolkata

  2. Mumbai

  3. Hyderabad

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nuclear fuel complex is located in Hyderabad. It was established in 1971 as a major industrial unit of India's Department of Atomic Energy.

Which of the following hazards is not associated with a liquid metal breeder reactor (LMFBR)?

chemistry nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. little fissionable material is formed

  2. a sodium explosion occurs if it comes in contact with water

  3. the plutonium by-product can be made into nuclear weapons and, therefore, poses a security risk

  4. all of the above are hazards associated with the LMFBR

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A

Liquid Metal Fast brecedes reactor (LMFBR) is a nuclear reactor capable of producing more fissile product than it takes in. 

The effective area of a black body is 0.1 $m^2$ and its temperature is 1000 K. The amount of radiations emitted by it per min is -

physics nuclear physics hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations energy production

  1. 1.34 k-cal

  2. 81 k-cal

  3. 5.63 k-cal

  4. 1.34 k-J.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} \dfrac { { d\emptyset  } }{ { dt } } =A6T{ Y^{ 4 } } \ =81\, \, kcal \end{array}$

The radioactive isotope used in the treatment of cancer has to be a good source of ________ radiations.

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $\beta$

  2. $\alpha$

  3. $\gamma$

  4. $IR$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

X-rays, gamma rays and beta particles are all used in medicine to treat internal organs. X-rays are produced by firing electrons at a metal target and gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus of radioactive atoms. Gamma rays are used to kill cancer cells, to sterilize medical equipment and in radioactive tracers.

Match the following

List - I List - II
A) Functioning of Thyroid gland  I) Cobalt - 60
B) Blood disorders  II) Iodine - 131
C) Cancer  III) Sulphur - 35
D) Transportation of minerals in plants  IV) radio phosphorus
V) radio sodium
chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. A-I,III B- II,IV C-III,V D-IV

  2. A-II B-IV,V C-I D-III

  3. A-I B-II C-IV D-III

  4. A-II B-I C-III D-IV

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 1.Iodine - 131 it is use for functioning of Thyroid gland. It detect using radio active Iodine - 131

2.Radioactive phosphorus is known as P-32. It is a radioactive form of sodium phosphate. It is used as a treatment for some blood disorders.

3.Cobalt therapy or cobalt-60 therapy is the medical use of gamma rays from the radioisotope cobalt-60 to treat conditions such as cancer.

4.The sulfate ions in the solution contained radioactive sulfur atoms – 35 S. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate active transport, that is, a process that uses energy to transport useful substances across cell membranes.

 

The count rate observed from a radioactive source at $t$ second was $N _0$ and at $4t$ second it was $\dfrac{N _0}{16}$. The count rate observed at $\left(\dfrac{11}{2}\right)t$ second will be

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $\dfrac{N _0}{128}$

  2. $\dfrac{N _0}{64}$

  3. $\dfrac{N _0}{32}$

  4. $None\ of\ these$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
after n lives,

$N=N _0\left ( \dfrac{1}{2} \right )$

initially,

$t=t$

$t=4t-t=3t$

$\dfrac{N _0}{16}=N _0\left ( \dfrac{1}{2} \right )^n$

$n=4$

$4t _{\frac{1}{2}}=3t$

$\Rightarrow t _{\frac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{3}{4}t$

$\lambda =\dfrac{\ln 2}{t _{\frac{1}{2}}}=\dfrac{4\ln 2}{3t}$

at $t=\dfrac{11}{2}ts$

$t=\dfrac{11}{2}t-t=\dfrac{9}{2}t$

$N=N _0e^{-\lambda \frac{9}{2}t}$

$N=N _0e^{-\lambda \frac{4\ln 2}{3t}\times \frac{9}{2}t}$

$N=N _0e^{-6\ln 2}$

$N=N _0e^{\ln \frac{1}{2^6}}$

$N=\dfrac {N _0}{2^6}=\dfrac {N _0}{64}$

After $280$ days, the activity of a radioactive sample is $6000 dps$. The activity reduces to $3000 dps$ after another $140 days$. The initial activity of the sample in $dps$ is:

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $6000$

  2. $9000$

  3. $3000$

  4. $24000$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Here, the activity of the radioactive sample reduces to half in $140$ days. Therefore, the half life of the sample is $140$ days. $280$ days is it's two half lives. So before two half lives it's activity was

${2^6} \times 6000 = 24000\,dps.$
Hence, the option $D$ is the correct answer.