Tag: nuclear physics

Questions Related to nuclear physics

Which of the following statements are true?

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. The nucleus of an atom becomes radioactive when A - Z is more than Z

  2. Isotopes having radioactive properties are called radio isotopes

  3. Radio isotopes can be prepared artifically by nuclear transmutation

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The atoms having radioactive properties are called radio isotopes. The nucleus of an atom becomes radioactive when the number of neutrons in the nucleus exceeds the number of protons inside it. $ _{6}C^{14},  _{27}Co^{60},  _{6}C^{12},  _{19}K^{40}$ etc are all examples of naturally occurring radio isotopes. However, they can also be prepared artificially by nuclear transmutation.

The age of fossils can be estimated with the help of which radioisotope?

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $ _{6}C^{14}$

  2. $ _{27}Co^{60}$

  3. $ _{6}C^{12}$

  4. $ _{19}K^{40}$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The age of fossils can be estimated by the study of decay of radioactive carbon atom $ _{6}C^{14}$ in the remains of the dead and decaying material. This process is called carbon dating.

Rate of decay of radioactive substance is altered by :

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. pressure

  2. temperature

  3. chemical change

  4. none of the above 

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Any physical changes (temperature, pressure and temperatures) or chemical changes do not alter the rate of decay of the radioactive substances.

Which of the following is used by an archaeologist to determine the age of an artifact, in percentage?

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $Carbon-14$

  2. $Phosphorus-31$

  3. $Hydrogen-3$

  4. $Chlorine-37$

  5. $Bromine-81$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carbon−14 is used by an archaeologist to determine the age of an artifact, in percentage.
The ratio C-14 / C-12 in fresh sample is compared with the ratio in dead sample.

The radioactivity of a sample is $R _ { 1 } $at a time $T _ { 1 }$ and $R _ 2$ at a time $ T _ 2 $ . If the half-life of the specimen is T  ,  the number of atoms that have disintegrated in the time $T _ 2 - T _  1 $ is proportional to 

chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

  1. $T _2-T _1\alpha(R _1-R _2)T$

  2. $\left( R _ { 1 } - R _ { 2 } \right)$

  3. $\left( R _ { 1 } - R _ { 2 } \right) / T$

  4. $\left( R _ { 1 } - R _ { 2 } \right) T$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
[D]
$\begin{array}{l} { R _{ 1 } }=\lambda { N _{ 1 } } \\ { R _{ 2 } }=\lambda { N _{ 2 } } \end{array}$
Number of atoms disintegrated in time 
$\begin{array}{l} { T _{ 2 } }-{ T _{ 1 } }={ N _{ 1 } }-{ N _{ 2 } }=\dfrac { { { R _{ 1 } }-{ R _{ 2 } } } }{ \lambda  }  \\ \lambda =\dfrac { { 0.693 } }{ T }  \\ { T _{ 2 } }-{ T _{ 1 } }=\dfrac { { { R _{ 1 } }-{ R _{ 2 } }\times T } }{ { 0.693 } }  \\ { T _{ 2 } }-{ T _{ 1 } }\alpha \left( { { R _{ 1 } }-{ R _{ 2 } } } \right) T \end{array}$

India's first atomic power station is

chemistry energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

  1. BARC

  2. Tarapur atomic power station

  3. Narora atomic power station

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.A.P.S) was the first nuclear power plant in India. The construction of the plant was started in 1962 and the plant went operation in 1969. It is the world's oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation. It was build for the departments of Atomic Energy by General Electric and Bechtel.

In India, uranium is found in

chemistry energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

  1. U.P.

  2. M.P.

  3. Bihar

  4. Orissa

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bihar 

 The earliest reference to a uranium mineral in India appeared in a German publication in 1860 in which Emil Stoehr recorded its occurrence at Lapso hill Singhbhum District, Bihar. The most important minerals of uranium has been located around Jadugora, Singbhum District of BIhar.






What percentage of energy requirement of India is met by nuclear power stations?

chemistry energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

  1. 3%

  2. 5%

  3. 10%

  4. 20%

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

3%

Nuclear reactor provide 3 per cent of the total electricity generation. Despite its rather meagre contribution, nuclear energy holds sustantive promise from the perspective of meeting India's humbingous energy needs in a secure, sustainable low carbon way.

Identify the correct statement/statements :
a) Radiation causes genetic mutation
b) Restriction in blood circulation can be detected using radio-iodine
c) Hydrocarbon plastics are used as moderators in a nuclear reactor
d) The damage caused due to $\alpha$-radiation is small due to its small penetrating power

physics energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

  1. a,b,c

  2. a,c,d

  3. b,c,d

  4. a,b,d

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

a]  is true
c]  fast neutrons produced collides with the particles of
     moderator to slow down
d]  penetration power of $\alpha$ particle is smallest

Which statement describe general waste?

chemistry energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

  1. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital includes common items found in household garbage.

  2. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital is different and must be treated in special ways

  3. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital is not the same as other garbage and is dangerous if not disposed of properly

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Much of the general waste at At. Paul hospital includes common items found in household garbage. 

General waste also called residual waste is material from business and household that can be recycled.