Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

The term active immunity means

bio-chemistry aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

  1. increasing rate of heart beat

  2. increasing quantity of blood

  3. resistance developed after the entry of antigen into the body

  4. resistance developed before the entry of antigen into the body.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Active immunity involves the active functioning of the person's own immune system leading to the synthesis of antibodies on the entry of the antigens into the body.

An organism's immune system will rapidly respond to an antigen it has seen before. This secondary response activates a subset of lymphoid cells leading to a rise in antibody titer.

The subpopulation responsible for the initiation of this response is the

bio-chemistry aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

  1. Memory B-cell.

  2. Memory T-cell.

  3. NK-cell.

  4. Plasma cell.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:



Organism's immune system respond to an antigen rapidly to an antigen that it has tackled before, this is called secondary response/immunity. These cells are memory B cells, that get activated/proliferate in response to helper T cells 
So, the correct answer is 'Memory B-cell'

According to ................. theory, the resistance of body decreases with the increase in age.

bio-chemistry aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

  1. Immunity theory

  2. Collagen theory

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The immune system theory of aging is that the rate of aging is largely controlled by the immune system. As one ages, the numbers of critical cells in the immune system decrease and become less functional, thereby the resistance of the body decreases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity ?

bio-chemistry aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

  1. The antibodies against small pox pathogen are produced by T-lymphocytes

  2. Antibodies are protein molecules each of which has four light chains

  3. Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes

  4. Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Study the given table and identify the incorrect matches.

(i) Malaria-mosquito relationship Ronald Ross
(ii) Rickettsial disease Syphilis, Trichinosis
(iii) Antibodies Immunity
(iv) Anti-retroviral drugs Azidothynidine, Didanosine
(v) Analgesics Gentamicin, Neomycin
bio-chemistry aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (ii) and (v)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Rickettsiae are a diverse group of bacteria some of which can be transmitted to humans via the bites of fleas, lice, ticks or mites. Several Rickettsia species present in Australia are capable of causing disease in people. 
Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore typically on your genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores.
Trichinosis (trik-ih-NO-sis), sometimes called trichinellosis, is a type of roundworm infection. Roundworm parasites use a host body to live and reproduce. Occurring primarily among meat-eating animals (carnivores) especially bears, foxes and walruses the infection is acquired by eating roundworm larvae in raw or undercooked meat. 
An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia relief from pain.  Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation. Analgesics include paracetamol, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone.
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic composed of a mixture of related gentamicin components and fractions and is used to treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms.
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eyedrops. The discovery of neomycin dates back to 1949. It was discovered in the lab of Selman Waksman, who was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951. Neomycin belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more aminosugars connected by glycosidic bonds. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Enzyme' Taq polymerase' used in PCR, has been isolated from bacterium _________________.

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Thermus aquaticus

  3. Streptomyces albus

  4. Escherichia coli

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The final step of PCR is the extension, wherein Taq DNA polymerase is isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

The polymerase chain reaction is a technique used for ____________.

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Amplification of DNA

  2. Amplification of enzymes

  3. Amplification of proteins

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Polymerase chain reaction is a technique used for amplification of DNA fragments. Its amplification cycle involve three steps - denaturation, annealing and polymerisation which are repeated for 'n', cycles.

Which of the following statements are correct for the enzyme Taq polymerase?


(i) It remains active during the high temperature-induced denaturation of dsDNA.

(ii) It requires primers for carrying out the process of polymerisation.
(iii) It synthesizes the RNA region between the primers, using $dNTPs$ and $Mg^{2+}$ _______________.

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The final step of PCR is the extension, wherein Taq DNA polymerase (isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus) synthesizes the DNA region between the primers, using dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphates) and $Mg^{2+}$. The primers are extended towards each other so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied. The optimum temperature for this polymerisation step is $72^o$$C$. Taq polymerase remains active during high temperature-induced denaturation of double-stranded DNA.

Process used for amplification or multiplication of DNA in DNA fingerprinting is

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Polymerase chain reaction

  2. Southern blotting

  3. Northern blotting

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Process used for amplification or multiplication of DNA in DNA fingerprinting is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .It is done in invitro system.

So, the correct option is 'Option A' . 

Primers are

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA

  2. Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are not complementary to the regions of DNA

  3. Chemically synthesised, autonomously replicating circular DNA molecules

  4. Specific sequences present on recombinant DNA

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Primers are small, chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the sequences, present at 3' end of the template DNA. They hybridise to the target DNA region, one to each strand of the double helix. These primers are oriented with their ends facing each other allowing synthesis of the DNA towards one another.
So, the correct answer is 'Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA'.