Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Immunocompetence refers to the

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. ability of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self

  2. differentiation, depending on location of lymphocytes into B- or T-cells

  3. development of receptors on B- and T-cells that are specific for one particular antigenic determinant

  4. ability of helper T-cells to recognize the major histocompatibility complex

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen. Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency.

So, the correct option is 'Development of receptors on B- and T cells that are specific for one particular antigenic determinant'.

Primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of 

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. B-Lymphocytes

  2. T-Lymphocytes

  3. Antiviral Proteins

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The primary immune response can be described as the first response of our body system to a newly introduced foreign agent, while the secondary immune response is defined as an intensified immune response to this previously exposed antigen. The primary and secondary immune response is carried out by following two types of lymphocytes;
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option D- Both A and B'.

The major difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that:

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. humoral immunity is non-specific, whereas cell-mediated immunity is specific for particular antigens

  2. the agents of humoral immunity are carried in the bloodstream, whereas the cells of the latter are concentrated in lymph nodes

  3. humoral immunity cannot function independently; it is always activated by cell-mediated immunity

  4. humoral immunity acts against free-floating antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity works against pathogens that. have entered body cells

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The immune system has two divisions-humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. The humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens while the cell-mediated immunity protects against intracellular pathogens.

so, the correct option is 'humoral immunity acts against free-floating antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity works against pathogens that have entered body cells'.

The cells that actually release antibodies are

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Helper T-cells

  2. Cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Plasma cells

  4. Suppressor cells

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody-producing cells called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody or memory cells that survive in the body for years afterwards in order to allow the immune system to remember an antigen and respond faster upon future exposures.

So, the correct option is 'Plasma cells'.

Control of the activated complement components results from

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Agglutination

  2. Immune adherence

  3. Instability and inactivation of some of these components

  4. Mobility of phagocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The activity of complement components is modulated by a system of regulatory proteins that prevent tissues damage as a result of inadvertent binding of activated complement components to host cells or spontaneous activation of complement components in plasma.

So, the correct option is 'instability and inactivation of some of these components'.

Osazone formation is used to separate and identify.

bio-chemistry biochemical techniques methods of purification of organic compounds methods of purification - organic compounds chromatography

  1. Alcohols

  2. Carboxylic acids

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Starch

Show answer
Correct Option: C

A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be easily separated by?

bio-chemistry biochemical techniques methods of purification of organic compounds methods of purification - organic compounds chromatography

  1. Sublimation

  2. Fractional distillation

  3. Chemical method

  4. Extraction with solvents

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aqueous solution of $NaHCO _3$ can be used to separate benzoic acid from its mixture with camphor. Benzoic acid forms water soluble sodium benzoate with $NaHCO _3$. So, A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be easily separated by Chemical method.

Option C is correct.

People administered with preformed antibodies get

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. active immunity

  2. innate immunity

  3. natural immunity

  4. passive immunity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The immune system, which is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs, defends people against germs and microorganisms every day. In most cases, the immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. But sometimes problems with the immune system can lead to illness and infection. The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade body systems and cause disease.  antibodies can activate a group of proteins called complement that are also part of the immune system. Complement assists in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells. All of these specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity.

So the correct option is 'active immunity'.

Chemically, an antibody is a

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Protein

  2. Lipoprotein

  3. Lipid

  4. Nucleoprotein

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein which is produced mainly by plasma cells and it is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are secreted by B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Hence, chemically, an antibody is a protein.

So, the correct answer is 'Protein'.

Lysis of foreign cells is mediated through

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. IgM only

  2. IgA only

  3. IgM and IgG

  4. IgD and IgE

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of the antibody that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. IgM can bind to complement component and activate the classical pathway, leading to opsonization of antigens and cytolysis (lysis of foreign cells).
  • IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Coating of IgG on pathogen surfaces (known as opsonization) allows their recognition and ingestion by phagocytic immune cells leading to the lysis of foreign cells.
So, the correct answer is 'IgM and IgG'.