Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Read the following statements and select the correct option.


Statement 1 : The worm-like structure attached to the caecum at the beginning of the large intestine is known as vermiform appendix.
Statement 2 : Vermiform appendix has no apparent digestive function. 

bio-chemistry digestive system of human role of intestine digestion in intestine digestive system - organs

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: A

As a major component of the humoral response, a subset of the lymphoid population produces antibodies which are proteins that are specific for particular antigens.
The cells that produced these proteins are

bio-chemistry immunology active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. T-cells.

  2. B-cells.

  3. NK-cells.

  4. Macrophages.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In humoral response the antibodies are produced by the B cells

So, the correct answer is 'B-cells'

Which of the following statements about antibody molecules is not true?

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. All are proteins

  2. All are immunoglobulins

  3. All have light and heavy chains

  4. All are produced by T-cells

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone.


So, the correct option is 'Option D'.

Cells involved in immune mechanism are

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Erythrocytes

  2. Lymphocytes

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Thrombocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph. Lymphocytes are involved in the activation of the immune system.

So, the correct answer is 'Lymphocytes'.

The term humor in humoral immunity implies 

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Hormones

  2. Bone marrow

  3. Plasma and lymph

  4. Cerebrospinal fluid

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides. Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the humour (plasma or lymph) or body fluids. It involves antibody, so, it is often referred to as antibody-mediated immunity.

So, the correct answer is 'Plasma and lymph'.

The letter T in T-lymphocytes refers to 

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Thyroid

  2. Thymus

  3. Thalamus

  4. Tonsil

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell surface. T-cells are produced from the bone marrow. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus from thymocytes.

So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.

Mark the correct sequence of humoral immunity.
A) Immunocompetent B cell
B) The release of antibodies into humor
C) B cell progenitor
D) Plasma Cell
E) Functional B cell

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. C A E B D

  2. C E A D B

  3. C A E D B

  4. A C E D B

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Humoral immunity is the type of acquired immunity and it includes the action of antibodies. When system observe any antigen or foreign agent inside the body id activates the B-cell and fit converted into immunocompetent B-cells. Further, they get activated and form functional B cells, which are present on plasma cells and release the antibody formed.

So the correct option is "CAEDB".

Mark the correct sequence of cell mediated immunity.
A) Release of enzymes like perforins and granzymes
B) Destruction of infected cell
C) Antigen presenting cells process the exogenous antigens
D) Binding of T cells to APCs

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. C D A B

  2. C A D B

  3. C D B A

  4. A B C D

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is a type of immunity that does not involve antibody but includes phagocytosis which provides protection against pathogens. Presence of pathogens activate T-lymphocytes and convert it into effector T-cells and bind to APCs and release the enzyme like perforins which helps in the destruction of the cell which is infected.

So the correct option is "C D A B".

The cells active in production of antibodies are

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Kupffer cells

  2. Plasma cells

  3. Mast cells

  4. Langerhans cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Plasma cells of B-lymphocytes are derived from the memory B-lymphocytes and are involved in the production of antibodies actively in the blood.

A. Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells in the liver.
B. Plasma cells produce antibodies.
C. Mast cells secrete histamine in response to inflammation.
D. Langerhans cells are in the pancreas and they secrete hormones.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Plasma Cells'

Antibody producing plasma are derived from

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Memory T cells

  2. Supressor T cells

  3. Helper T cells

  4. B lymphocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The B-lymphocytes are the types of immune cells that are involved in the humoral immune response. It means these cells are responsible for making antibodies in the bloodstream and destroy the antigen that infects the blood and tissues via blood. T-cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They wipe out those pathogens that invade the tissues directly. B-cells can exist in two forms- Memory B-cells that are specified for a particular infection and Plasma B-cells that actively secrete antibodies. Plasma B-cells are derived from the memory B-cells whenever that specific antigen invades the blood second time.

Hence, the correct answer is 'B-lymphocytes'