Tag: plant kingdom

Bryophytes are composed of true parenchyma derived from three-dimensional growth usually from an apical meristem. Stems in mosses are multicellular and can show a surprising amount of tissue differentiation depending on the species of moss. Typically,  most mosses have cortical cells (also called parenchyma cells) that compose much of the stem, and thick walled cells, for structural support.

In Mosses, column of cells running up the middle of the sterile jacket is called as columella.

In Funaria, rhizoid contains 10 chromosome, then number of chromosome in seta, leaf and calyptra are respectively 20, 10 and 10. The number of chromosomes in leaf and calyptra wil be the same as the rhizoid but the number of chromosomes in seta will be 2n that is double the number of chromosomes present in the rhizoids.

The protonema is an elongate, thread-like structure that develops from the germinated spore of mosses. The protonemal stage is the best-studied part of bryophyte development. 

Moss gametophytes are either erect or extensively branched prostrate plants, that consist of an axis (commonly called a stem) bearing spirally arranged leaf-like appendages (usually referred to as leaves); more often than not, they are anchored to the substratum by branched multicellular filaments called rhizoids. The leafy shoot of mosses is haploid and thus part of the gametophyte generation. Liverworts and Hornworts have dorsiventrally flattened plant body. 

Ferns and moss are both examples of primitive plants. They are flowerless or seedless plants. Fern and Funaria both are flowerless and seedless.

In Funaria, the spore germinates to form a protonema (a filamentous structure) before developing into the leafy gametophore, which is considered indirect germination.

Funaria (a moss) produces a protonema stage in its life cycle, whereas Marchantia (a liverwort) does not.

Sporophyte of moss differentiates into foot, seta and capsule. The foot embedded in the female receptacle and absorbs inorganic nutrients. Seta is a long stalk with a pear-shaped capsule by its tip. Capsule has 3 parts-basal apophysis, central theca and terminal operculum.