Tag: commerce

Quizzes (249) Questions (753)

Questions Related to commerce

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Influence based on special skills or knowledge is called __________.

  1. Expert power

  2. Referent power

  3. Reward power

  4. Coercive power
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Expert power is derived from possessing specialized expertise, knowledge, or skills that others respect and rely upon. Referent power is based on interpersonal relationships and admiration, while reward and coercive powers are based on formal authority to give benefits or punishments.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

A nine by nine matrix outing 81 different leadership styles is called __________.

  1. Managerial grid

  2. Matrix 81

  3. Vertical conflict

  4. Leadership diary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Managerial Grid, developed by Blake and Mouton, plots concern for production on the x-axis and concern for people on the y-axis, each on a scale from 1 to 9. This creates an 81-cell matrix representing various leadership styles.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Autocratic leaders or leaders in the autocratic style depict __________ of decision making in themselves.

  1. centralised power

  2. decentralised power

  3. normative power

  4. dominant power
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An autocratic leadership style is characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. This results in highly centralized power, where the leader retains all decision-making authority.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Which is a component of context in a team effectiveness model?

  1. Task identity

  2. Common purpose

  3. Autonomy

  4. Leadership
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the standard team effectiveness model, context factors include adequate resources, leadership and structure, a climate of trust, and performance evaluation. Task identity and autonomy belong to work design, while common purpose is a process variable.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Who developed the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership?

  1. Roger Blake

  2. Paul Hersey

  3. Jane Mouton

  4. Fred Fiedler
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fred Fiedler developed the Fiedler Contingency Model in the mid-1960s, which was the first comprehensive contingency theory of leadership. It proposes that effective group performance depends on the proper match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Employee-oriented leaders are associated with _____________.

  1. higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  2. higher group productivity and lower job satisfaction

  3. low group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  4. lower group productivity and lower job satisfaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The University of Michigan leadership studies concluded that employee-oriented leaders (those who emphasize interpersonal relations and take a personal interest in employees' needs) tend to be associated with both higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Opportunity costs are also known as ____________.

  1. Spillover costs

  2. Money costs

  3. Alternative costs

  4. External costs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Opportunity cost represents the benefits an individual, investor, or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another. Because it represents the cost of the foregone alternative, it is also referred to as alternative cost.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

The extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his roles and roles of subordinates is known as ___________.

  1. Consideration

  2. Initiating structure

  3. Employee-oriented

  4. Production-oriented
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Initiating structure is a key dimension identified in the Ohio State leadership studies. It refers to the degree to which a leader defines and structures their own role and those of their subordinates to facilitate goal achievement.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

Production-oriented leaders are associated with _____________.

  1. higher group productivity and lower job satisfactiom

  2. higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  3. low group productivity and lower job satisfaction

  4. lower group productivity and higher job satisfaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

According to the University of Michigan studies, production-oriented leaders focus primarily on the technical aspects of the job and treat group members as a means to an end. This approach was found to be associated with lower group productivity and lower job satisfaction among employees.

Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management leadership leadership theories directing commerce

According to Michigan group, which is a dimension of leadership behaviour?

  1. Consideration

  2. Initiating structure

  3. Employee-oriented

  4. None of those
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The University of Michigan studies identified two main dimensions of leadership behavior: employee-oriented and production-oriented. In contrast, consideration and initiating structure were the dimensions identified by the Ohio State University studies.