World Geography and Politics

Bangladesh is a South Asian country. Bangladesh is located towards eastern side of India. Bangladesh is surrounded by Indian states namely West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya and also by Burma. On one of the sides it has Bay of Bengal.

India is a large nation which shares border with many nations which include Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, China. Among the given options, Sri Lanka does not share land border with India as it is separated by the Indian Ocean.

• Indian subcontinent is the southern region of Asia consisting of areas starting from Himalayas towards Indian Ocean.
  
• It usually includes lands of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.
  
• From the given options china is the country that is not included in Indian sub-continent, these are also called as south Asian countries.
  

Bangladesh is a South Asian country. Bangladesh is located towards eastern side of India. Bangladesh is surrounded by Indian states namely West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya. Bangladesh is bordered on the west, north, and east by a 4,095 kilometres land frontier with India.

Khyber Pass, Khyber also spelled Khaybar, or Khaibar. It is one of the important passes between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The pass connects Kābul with Peshāwar. The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. The name Khyber is also applied to the range of arid, broken hills through which the pass runs and which form the last spurs of the Spin Ghar (Safīd Kūh) Range. On either side of the connecting ridge are the sources of two small streams, the beds of which form the Khyber gorge. This narrow gorge forms the Khyber Pass; it winds between cliffs of shale and limestone, 600–1,000 feet (180–300 m) high, and enters the Khyber Hills from the Shadi Bagiār opening, a few miles beyond Jamrūd, Pak., and continues northwestward for about 33 miles (53 km). Just beyond the old Afghan fort of Haft Chāh, it opens onto the barren Lowyah Dakkah plain, which stretches to the Kābul River.

India shares its border with 7 countries namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Sri Lanka.

The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is located primarily in the Indian state of Rajasthan and extends into the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan.

India's border with Bangladesh has a strange problem of 'Enclaves and Adverse Possessions'. There are 111 Indian enclaves within Bangladesh and 51 Bangladeshi enclaves in India. Thirty-four tracts of Indian land are under the adverse possession of Bangladesh and 40 pieces of Bangladeshi land are in India's adverse possession. The area is densely populated, and the cultivation is carried out till the last inch of the border at many stretches. Though the Land Border Agreement of 1974 has provisions for the settlement of the issue of adverse possession, it has not been applied so far as the problem is administratively sensitive. 

The member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC was founded by seven states in 1985.

The first South Asian Games were hosted by Kathmandu, Nepal in 1984 and have since been held every two years except for some occasions. In 2004, it was decided to rename the games from South Asian Federation Games to South Asian Games.

The 4th ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus held in Clark, the Philippines on 24th October 2017. The meeting discusses it's ways to enhance defence and security cooperation among the member nations to effectively counter various transnational security challenges.

During the last quarter of the 12th century Mohammed Ghori, who was ruling a kingdom in Afghanistan, invaded India and secured the provinces of Sindh and Punjab. When he made further advances into Indian territories, Prithviraj Chauhan, the king of Delhi and Ajmer, routed him in a battle. However, Mohammad was spared from death penalty. The very next year Mohammad came to India and fought with Prithviraj and defeated him. Mohammad ordered him to be killed. Delhi came under the control of Mohammad Ghori. Before returning to Afghanistan he transferred the conquered territories to his general by name Qutubuddin Aibak. Aibak started ruling as the sultan of Delhi.

Puducherry (Pondicherry) remained under French colonial rule until 1954, well after India's independence in 1947.

Raja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India in October 1947, primarily to secure military assistance against the tribal invasion supported by Pakistan.

In order to become a party to the NPT, India would need to join the treaty as a Non Nuclear Weapon State for which it would have to eliminate its nuclear arsenal. The NPT only recognises five countries as NWS. It would also have to accept IAEA safeguards.