Textile and Fiber Materials

Fibre is a narrow, elongated cell with thick lignified wall and narrow lumen tapering to a wedge-shape at both ends. Sometimes the deposition of lignin is so thick as to obliterate the central lumen. The fibres appear more or less angular in cross-sectional view with little intercellular spaces. The cell wall is pitted and may show slight indentation (ex. Zingiber).

Cotton, seed hair fibre of a variety of plants of the genus Gossypium, belonging to the hibiscus, or mallow family (Malvaceae) and native to most subtropical parts of the world. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibre that grows in a boll or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae.
The fibre is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. The epidermis cells is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants leaves, flowers, roots and stems. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. Cotton fibres are collected from epidermal layer of seeds. So, cotton fibres are epidermal hairs of seed and not epidermal hairs of fruits, fibres taken out from roots or fibres taken out from the stem. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cotton taken for commercial purpose is a soft, fluffy staple fibre growing in a boll from trichomes on the seed coat of the plants of the genus Gossypium  of the family Malvaceae. The cotton fibre is pure cellulose and under natural conditions, these bolls tend to increase the dispersal of the seeds.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cotton plants are grown in cotton fields where cotton ids obtained. From nearby gins. Gins are the areas where the fields, cotton is taken to cotton goes through a dryer to reduce the moisture content. It is then taken to cleaning equipment to remove the foreign matter.  Thus, the quality of cotton fibre is improved. This process is called ginning.

The quality of cotton fiber is primarily evaluated based on its staple length, which determines the strength and fineness of the yarn that can be spun.

Sporopollenin is the major component of exine of spores and pollen. It is extremely resistant to chemicals and enzymes. It is chemically stable and remains unchanged in pollen grains even that are 500 million years old. Hence it is the most resistant biological material known. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Cotton, seed-hair fibre (testa) of a variety of plants of the genus Gossypium, belonging to the Hibiscus or mallow, family (Malvaceae) and native to most subtropical parts of the world.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. So, fibres of Gosssypium are out growth of testa and not out growth of pericarp, pappus hair and bast fibres. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. Cotton is a seed hair fiber produced from epidermal seed coat. Cotton fibers are not obtained from root hairs, stem hairs or leaf. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Seed hairs of Gossypium are purely cellulosic and of commercial importance. Fibres grow from the seed coat to form a boll of cotton lint. The boll is a protective fruit and when the plant is grown commercially, it is stripped from the seed by ginning and the lint is then processed into cotton fibre. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibre that grows in a boll or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae. The fibre is almost pure cellulose. So, pure cellulose is obtained from seed hairs and not from root hairs, stem hairs and leaf hairs. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%. Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper.

Chrome tanning is faster than vegetable tanning and it produces stretchable leather which is excellent material for making handbags and garments.

Fabric produced from cotton is an intermediate good while clothing made from the fabric is a consumer good. Some goods especially raw materials are called as intermediate goods. For instance machinery fixed in factory is capital goods but the cotton used as raw material is intermediate goods. Thus, the consumption goods are also referred as consumer’s good while capital goods and intermediate goods are termed as producers goods.

Opium is obtained by collecting the milky latex that exudes from incisions made in the unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant.

Jute is considered as the golden fibre. It is so called because of its shiny brown colour. It is most affordable natural fibre and is 100% biodegradable. It is made of cellulose and lignin plant material. Fertile region necessary for jute production is shared by India and Bangladesh.