Physics · Chemistry

Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics

519 Questions

Radioactivity and nuclear physics encompass the study of radioactive decay processes, neutron to proton ratios, and nuclear medicine. Questions cover various detection mechanisms, including scintillation counters and neutrino telescopes. These concepts are frequently tested in advanced science and civil services examinations.

Radioactive decayNuclear medicineParticle detectionNeutrino telescopesCosmic ray detection

Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics Questions

Multiple choice chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

Which of the following can be diagnosed by Iodine-131 radioisotope?

  1. Kidneys

  2. Heart

  3. Lungs

  4. Thyroid

  5. Bone marrow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine in food is absorbed by the body and preferentially concentrated in the thyroid where it is needed for the functioning of that gland. Thus the health problem related to thyroid can be diagnosed by Iodine−131 radioisotope. 

Multiple choice chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

The electromagnetic radiation observed in Radioactivity is ..............

  1. $\alpha$ - particle
  2. $\beta$ - particle
  3. $\gamma$ - rays

  4. X - rays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gamma ray (also called gamma radiation) is penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of photons in the highest observed range of photon energy.

Multiple choice chemistry nuclear physics types of radioactivity nuclear chemistry and radioactivity radioactivity

Which of the following statements are true?

  1. The nucleus of an atom becomes radioactive when A - Z is more than Z

  2. Isotopes having radioactive properties are called radio isotopes

  3. Radio isotopes can be prepared artifically by nuclear transmutation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The atoms having radioactive properties are called radio isotopes. The nucleus of an atom becomes radioactive when the number of neutrons in the nucleus exceeds the number of protons inside it. $ _{6}C^{14},  _{27}Co^{60},  _{6}C^{12},  _{19}K^{40}$ etc are all examples of naturally occurring radio isotopes. However, they can also be prepared artificially by nuclear transmutation.

Multiple choice geography land use urban land use and urban problems and solutions urban settlements land use patterns

__________ is the increase in natural background radiation, emerging from the activities of the man using naturally occurring or artificially produced radioactive materials.

  1. Soil pollution

  2. Water pollution

  3. Radioactive pollution

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Radioactive pollution of the environment is defined as the increase in natural background radiation, emerging from the activities of man involving the use of naturally occurring or artificially produced radioactive materials. The atmosphere screens out much of the sun’s radiation, including most of that which would be lethal to life.

Radioactive pollution of the environment is on increase in natural background radiation, emerging from the activities of man involving the use of naturally occurring or artificially produced radioactive materials the chemicals of radioactive materials spreading into the air have increased extensively as a result of the discovery of artificially radioactivity & particularly due to the development of atomic bombs and the techniques of harnessing nuclear energy. Radiation can be categorized into two main groups.

i) Non-ionizing (e.g ultra-violet rays)

ii) Ionizing (eg. X-rays, Alpha, Proteins & neutrons) 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering use of microbes in biotechnology use of microbes in industrial applications useful microorganisms

Gamma rays are used to sterilize

  1. Pharmaceutical products

  2. Culture media

  3. Food

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gamma rays are used for sterilization of pharmaceutical products after their production as to prevention the growth of any microorganism that may be present in the product. It is also used for sterlization of food product to kill any harmful bacteria or other organism that are present in the food, it won't make the food radioactive. Gamma rays act as a ionising radiation and it will inhibit the growth of microorganism. So it can be used to sterilize culture media. So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Multiple choice chemistry what is inside atom discovery of neutrons structure of atoms discovery of subatomic particles

When beryllium was bombarded with alpha particles, this lead to the formation of :

  1. C-13 and protons

  2. C-12 and neutrons

  3. C-13 and electrons

  4. C-13 and neutrons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chadwick carried the experiments, using many different elements as radiation targets besides paraffin. What really occurred when one bombarded beryllium with alpha particles, there was the formation of a carbon-12 nucleus and the emission of a neutron.

Multiple choice chemistry what is inside atom discovery of neutrons structure of atoms discovery of subatomic particles

What really occurred when one bombarded beryllium with alpha particles?

  1. Formation of a carbon-12 nucleus and the emission of a neutron

  2. Formation carbon-13 nucleus with the emission of a photon

  3. Formation carbon-14 nucleus with the emission of a photon

  4. Formation of a carbon-13 nucleus and the emission of a neutron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When one bombarded beryllium with alpha particles, a carbon-12 nucleus was formed and a neutron was emitted.
$ _4^9Be + _2^4He \rightarrow _6^{12}C + _0^1n$

Multiple choice cancer - causes, signs and diagnosis human health and diseases zoology

Treatment of cancerous growths and tumours with radioactive substances is

  1. Radiology

  2. Radiotherapy

  3. Nuclear medicine

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours. At low doses, radiation is used in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth or broken bones.
  • Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a variety of diseases, including many types of cancers, heart disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological disorders and other abnormalities within the body.
  • Radiology is a medical speciality that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within the human body.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.


Multiple choice cancer - causes, signs and diagnosis human health and diseases zoology

Which of the following is used for treatment of thyroid cancer?

  1. U-238

  2. Ra-224

  3. C-14

  4. I-131
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine-131 (I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine. Iodine-131, in higher doses, is used for ablation (surgical removal) of remnant thyroid tissue following a complete thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland) to treat thyroid cancer. I-131 is also used in nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production.

So, the correct answer is 'I-131'.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance the search for genetic material dna structure and replication molecular genetics

Bacteriophage with radioactivity both in DNA and protein infects a bacterium. Bacterium becomes radioactive. Radioactivity occurs in

  1. Protein

  2. DNA

  3. All parts

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, the bacteriophage injects its DNA into the bacterium while the protein coat remains outside. Since the bacterium becomes radioactive, it confirms that the DNA, which carries the radioactive label, was successfully transferred into the host.

Multiple choice chemistry d- and f-block elements actinoids the actinoids the d-and f-block elements comparison of lanthanoids and actinoids

Which of the following is not an actinide ?

  1. Curium

  2. Californium

  3. Uranium

  4. Terbium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LANTHANIDES


58Ce  59Pr  60Nd  61Pm  62Sm  63Eu  64Gd  65Tb  66Dy  67Ho  68Er  69Tm  70Yb  71Lu 

ACTINIDES

 90Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97Bk  98Cf  99Es  100 Fm 101 Md 102No  103Lr 
          
Multiple choice physics energy production hazards and safety measures of radiations harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations nuclear physics

Identify the correct statement/statements :
a) Radiation causes genetic mutation
b) Restriction in blood circulation can be detected using radio-iodine
c) Hydrocarbon plastics are used as moderators in a nuclear reactor
d) The damage caused due to $\alpha$-radiation is small due to its small penetrating power

  1. a,b,c

  2. a,c,d

  3. b,c,d

  4. a,b,d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

a]  is true
c]  fast neutrons produced collides with the particles of
     moderator to slow down
d]  penetration power of $\alpha$ particle is smallest