Biology

Plant Propagation Techniques

660 Questions

Plant propagation techniques cover both natural and artificial methods of cultivating plants, including micropropagation, tissue culture, and layering. These botanical concepts evaluate how desirable characteristics are multiplied and transferred into new plants. Questions on this topic routinely feature in the biology segment of various state and central competitive exams.

Micropropagation methodsArtificial vegetative propagationPlant tissue cultureLayering techniquesMeristem differentiation

Plant Propagation Techniques Questions

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Stem cutting is commonly performed for the plants like 

  1. Rose

  2. Mango

  3. Sugarcane

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cutting is the common method for vegetative propagation i.e asexual method by which plant can be grown. This method can be performed by using stem, roots or leaf. Stem cutting when placed in soil produces roots and leaves and grows into a new plant. Sugar cane, roses, citrus, durant, grapes, cocoa, bougainvillea, carnations and many other plants are largely and rapidly propagated by stem cuttings. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

For union between stock and scion in grafting which one is the first to occur.

  1. Formation of callus

  2. Production of plasmodesmata

  3. Differentiation of new vascular tissues

  4. Regeneration of cortex and epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of joining of a tissue or a small part into the tissues of another plant is called Grafting. The tissue or part inserted is called stock and the plant into which foreign part is inserted is called scion. During this process, a group of cells are formed initially. It is called callus.

So, the correct option is ‘Formation of callus’.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Grafting is a method of

  1. Artificial vegetative propagation

  2. Sexual reproduction

  3. Artificial pollination

  4. Cross-pollination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Grafting is an artificial propagation technique in which tissue from one plant, the scion, is attached to another, the rootstock. The rootstock produces new vascular tissue with which to feed scion the graft heals itself.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Artifical vegetative propagation'.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

The technique of rapid vegetative propagation of plants of agricultural and horticultural value involving cell and tissue culture is popularly known as micropropagation.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture is also called Micropropagation.  it  is a type of vegetative propagation for producing a large number of genetically superior and pathogen-free transplants in a limited time and space. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Micropropagation is used to multiply plants such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. It is also used to provide a sufficient number of plantlets for planting from a stock plant which does not produce seeds, or does not respond well to vegetative reproduction.

So the given statement is true.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Induction of rooting in stem cutting would be most beneficial in

  1. Marchantia

  2. Wheat

  3. Cuscuta

  4. Bougainvillea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Auxin is a plant hormone that is involved in various growth and developmental processes of plant. It stimulates the induction of rooting in stem cuttings. Bougainvillea plants are primarily propagated by stem cuttings. Hence, induction of rooting in stem cutting would be most beneficial in Bougainvillea.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Which of the following is not an example of the artificial propagation?

  1. Fragmentation- the separation of plant parts to develop into whole plants

  2. Grafting- the attachment of a scion onto a stock plant that provides a root system

  3. Apomixis- the asexual reproduction of seeds

  4. Production of fruit without fertilization in parthenocarpic plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Artificial reproduction/propagation is the creation of a new life by other than the natural means available to an organism. The process of growing many plants from one plant by man-made methods is called artificial propagation of plants. A number of methods of artificial propagation of plants are used in agriculture.

Fragmentation- Fragmentation in multicellular organisms is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develops into matured, fully grown individuals that are identical to their parents.
Grafting- The cut stem of a plant having roots and fixed in the soil is called stock which is the lower part of a plant having the roots. The cut stem of another plant without is called 'scion' which is the upper part of a plant which may have left on it. The cut soon heals and the stock and scion of two plants grow together and become one plant.
Apomixis- Apomixis is defined as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization. Replacement of the seed by a plantlet or replacement of the flower by bulbils is categorized as types of apomixis.
Parthenocarpic plants: Parthenocarpy is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules, which makes the fruit seedless. Parthenocarpy occasionally occurs as a mutation in nature.
So the correct option is 'production of fruit without fertilization in parthenocarpic plants'.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

To obtain seedless watermelon, which among the following method is followed?

  1. Apomixis

  2. Somatic hybridization

  3. Organogenesis

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants – each having a desirable character – can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts, which can be further grown to form a new plant. These hybrids are called somatic hybrids while the process is called somatic hybridization.
  • Protoplasts are used to produce variations in the morphology of leaves and flowers, ability/potential of the growth of the embryo, and enhancement of disease resistance in plants.
  • To obtain seedless watermelon, somatic hybridization methods are followed.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Somatic hybridization'.
Multiple choice botany plant breeding common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

Which of the following techniques are involved in the production of plant hybrids?

  1. Cybridisation

  2. tissue culture

  3. Emasculation

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant hybridization often involves emasculation (removing anthers to prevent self-pollination) and pollination. Cybridisation is a separate technique involving protoplast fusion.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Micropropagation involves ____________________.

  1. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using microorganisms

  2. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using small explants

  3. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using micro-spores

  4. Non-vegetative multiplication of plants by using microspores and megaspores
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is the tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of ornamental plants and fruit trees by using small sized explants.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

An explant is

  1. dead plant

  2. part of the plant

  3. part of the plant used in tissue culture

  4. part of the plant that expresses a specific gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An explant is a part of the plant that taken out and grown in special nutritive media under sterile conditions. This is the process to generate a whole plant in tissue culture.

So, the correct option is 'Option C' .

Multiple choice biology strategies for enhancement in food production common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

The quickest method of plant breeding is

  1. Intoduction

  2. Selection

  3. Hybridisation

  4. Mutation breeding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The correct answer is mutation breeding:

Plant breeding is the technique used to improve the variety of plants for human welfare. Introduction, selection, hybridization and mutation breeding are the main methods of crop improvement along with polyploid breeding, tissue culture and genetic engineering. Introduction is the process of introducing new plants from their old locality to the new one. Selection is the oldest method of plant improvement in which suitable varieties are selected. It is of two types-natural and artificial. Hybridization is the production of new varieties by crossing two or more plants having different genetical constitution. Mutation breeding is a quick way to introduce sudden changes in the genome of the plant.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Vegetative propagation through cell or tissue culture is known as

  1. Macropropagation

  2. Cloning

  3. Micropropagation

  4. Asexual propagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is culture of apical shoots, axillary buds and meristems on suitable nutrient medium to produce a genetically identical progeny. Macropropagation is production of progeny by means of conventional techniques including cuttings, air-layering and grafting. Production of genetically identical cell lineage or organisms is called as cloning. It includes both conventional and tissues culture techniques. Asexual propagation refers to production of progeny by single parent plant, it can occur through vegetative propagules (rhizome, tubers and bulb) or by artificial methods (cutting, and grafting).

Hence, the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Callus is

  1. Undifferentiated mass of a tissue

  2. Root formation in culture media

  3. Plant hormones

  4. Plant byproduct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plant callus is a mass of unorganized cells derived from plant tissue for use in biological research and biotechnology. In plant biology, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound. Callus formation is induced from plant tissues after surface sterilization and plating onto in vitro tissue culture medium. Plant growth regulators, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins are supplemented into the medium to initiate callus formation or somatic embryogenesis.

So, the correct answer is 'underdifferentiated mass of a tissue'