Biology

Plant Propagation Techniques

591 Questions

Plant propagation techniques cover both natural and artificial methods of cultivating plants, including micropropagation, tissue culture, and layering. These botanical concepts evaluate how desirable characteristics are multiplied and transferred into new plants. Questions on this topic routinely feature in the biology segment of various state and central competitive exams.

Micropropagation methodsArtificial vegetative propagationPlant tissue cultureLayering techniquesMeristem differentiation

Plant Propagation Techniques Questions

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Explant is

  1. Plant collected after harvesting

  2. Exploited part of a plant

  3. Small part of the plant meant for tissue culture

  4. Uprooted for transplantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Explant culture is a technique used for the isolation of cells from a piece or pieces of tissue. Tissue harvested in this manner is called as an explant. It can be a portion of the shoot, leaves or some cells from a plant or can be any part of the tissue from an animal or from umblical cord tissue. So, explant is small part of the plant meant for tissue culture and not uprooted for transplantation, plant, collected after harvesting or exploited part of a plant

So, the correct answer is 'Small part of the plant meant for tissue culture'

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Micropropagation is

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium

  3. The mature stage of endosperm

  4. To manufacture sperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is the method of large production of plantlets in a less time. In this method, a small piece of plant tissue (explant) is cultured in a sterile medium which later develops into new plantlets. The offsprings produced by this methods are the exact copy of their parent plant. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Cloning is obtained through

  1. Hybridisation

  2. Cross-pollination

  3. Self-pollination

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is the method of large production of plantlets in a less time. In this method, a small piece of plant tissue (explant) is cultured in a sterile medium which later develops into new plantlets. The offsprings produced by this methods are the exact copy of their parent plant and are known as somaclones. So, the technique of micropropagation is also known as cloning.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

What is micropropagation?  

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil.

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium.

  3. The mature stage of endosperm.

  4. To manufacture hormones.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is a technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cell or tissue in culture medium through tissue culture.

So, the correct answer is 'A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium'

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Most plant tissue cultures are initiated from

  1. Callus

  2. Explants

  3. Plantlets

  4. Protoplasts

  5. Anthers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The tissue obtained from a plant to be cultured is called an explant. Explants can be taken from different many parts of a plant, including portions of shoots, leaves, stems, flowers, roots, single undifferentiated cells and from many types of mature cells provided are they still contain living cytoplasm and nuclei and are able de-differentiate and resume cell division. This has given rise to the concept of totipotentency of plant cells. So, the correct answer is 'Explants'.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Callus culture is useful for purposes like

  1. It helps in the production of secondary plant products.

  2. It is useful for the synthesis of starting compounds that are subsequently modified to yield the desired product.

  3. It is the starting materials for vegetative propagation of plants.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Callus culture is useful for many purposes:
1  Callus is the starting material for the suspension culture which cells are separated.
2. It helps in the production of secondary plant products.
3. It is useful for the synthesis of starting compounds that are subsequently modified to yield the desired product.
4. It is the starting materials for vegetative propagation of plants.
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

In plant tissue culture, undifferentiated tissue is referred to as

  1. Callus

  2. Bark

  3. Xylem

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In plant tissue culture, undifferentiated tissue is referred to as callus, although a callus can contain meristematic nodules that may not be obvious to the naked eye but which never develop further unless suitable conditions are supplied.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Reproducing plants by cells instead of seeds is called as

  1. Tissue culture

  2. Amphimixis

  3. Mutation

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture is a process that involves exposing plant tissue to a specific regimen of nutrients, hormones, and light under sterile, in vitro conditions to produce many new plants, each a clone of the original mother plant, over a very short period of time. The term plant tissue culture (micro propagation) is generally used for the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined chemical and physical conditions in vitro.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

The technique of producing large number of genetically similar plants within short time by tissue culture is called as _____________.

  1. Organogenesis

  2. Somatic hybridization

  3. Micro-propagation

  4. Protoplast culture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Micro-propagation means the propagation of plants by growing plantlets in tissue culture and then planting them out.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

What is "tissue culture"?

  1. Cultivation of tissue in laboratory through formation of new cells

  2. Introduction of new tissue in an animal body

  3. A technique for maintaining fragments of cells alive after their removal from an organism

  4. Maintaining tissue alive by immersing it partially in a nutrient fluid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via the use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. 
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants.
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

The structure employed by White for first successful tissue culture was

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Root of Carrot

  3. Root of Tomato

  4. Apical meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Who could grow tomato roots successfully and develop the technique of tissue culture for the first time?

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. P.R. White

  3. W.H. Muir

  4. F.C. Steward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
P.R White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is 'P.R. White'
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from

  1. Cycas revoluta.

  2. Cocos nucifera.

  3. Pinus roxburghii.

  4. Borassus flabellifera.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is obtained from the Cocos nucifera. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.

Cytokinins are the group of plant hormones which promotes cell division and differentiation in root and stem of the plant. It is involved in inducing morphogenesis. Auxin and cytokinin are used in equal quantity in the growth media of callus it promotes shoot and root formation and finally leads to organogenesis. 
So, the correct answer is option B.