Biology

Plant Propagation Techniques

660 Questions

Plant propagation techniques cover both natural and artificial methods of cultivating plants, including micropropagation, tissue culture, and layering. These botanical concepts evaluate how desirable characteristics are multiplied and transferred into new plants. Questions on this topic routinely feature in the biology segment of various state and central competitive exams.

Micropropagation methodsArtificial vegetative propagationPlant tissue cultureLayering techniquesMeristem differentiation

Plant Propagation Techniques Questions

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from

  1. Cycas revoluta.

  2. Cocos nucifera.

  3. Pinus roxburghii.

  4. Borassus flabellifera.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is obtained from the Cocos nucifera. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.

Cytokinins are the group of plant hormones which promotes cell division and differentiation in root and stem of the plant. It is involved in inducing morphogenesis. Auxin and cytokinin are used in equal quantity in the growth media of callus it promotes shoot and root formation and finally leads to organogenesis. 
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Through which technique more female plants can be produced in papaya ___________.

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Polyploid breeding

  3. Spraying ethephon

  4. Tissue culture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture allows for the mass production of clones. In dioecious plants like papaya, it can be used to produce only female plants from selected high-yielding female parent tissue.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

The structure employed by White for first successful tissue culture was ____________.

  1. Root of Carrot

  2. Root of Tomato

  3. Leaf cells

  4. Apical meristem.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from ____________.

  1. Cycas revoluta

  2. Cocos nucifera

  3. Pinus roxburghii

  4. Borassus flabellifera
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option $B$ is correct.

Plant medium used widely in the preparation of culture medium is got from Cocos nucifera milk of coconut or coconut water is widely used for culture preparation as it contains several growth substances and can be extracted easily. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. Cytokinins promote cell division and induce morphogenesis. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Banana can be rapidly multiplied by ____________.

  1. Multiple shoot production

  2. Embryoid formation

  3. Shoot tip culture

  4. Callus formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Banana is commercially and rapidly multiplied in vitro primarily through multiple shoot production, often initiated from shoot tip cultures. This method allows for the production of many genetically identical plantlets.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Callus is the disorganised mass of cells formed under in vitro condition.
b. Totipotency is the ability of a plant organ to regenerate an entire organism when cultured in a suitable medium.
c. Embryoid is the embryo-like structure formed under in vitro condition which has the potentiality to develop into a plantlet.
d. Explant is the excised portion of plant tissue or organ which is used in tissue culture study.
Select the correct answer using the codes given Codes.

  1. $1, 2$ and $4$
  2. $1, 3$ and $4$
  3. $1, 2$ and $3$
  4. $2, 3$ and $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Consider the following statements.
Tissue culture is recommended for.
a. Multiplication of elite genotypes
b. Developing virus-free plants
c. Production of secondary metabolites
d. Induction of polyploidy
e. Of useful trees
Of this statements.

  1. $1, 2$ and $4$ are correct
  2. $1, 2$ and $3$ are correct
  3. $1, 3$ and $4$ are correct
  4. $2, 3$ and $4$ are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Which of the following is not a common procedure in tissue culture of plants?

  1. Shoot tip culture for the purpose of micropropagation

  2. Leaf, stem, and root culture for the purpose of cell suspension cultures

  3. Protoplast culture for the purpose of genetic engineering of plants

  4. Culture of hybridized mature plant cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A) Shoot tip culture may be described as the culture of terminal portion of a shoot comprising the meristem together with primordial and developing leaves and adjacent stem tissue. It is a common process used for micropropagation

B) Suspension culture is a type of culture in which single cell or small aggregates of cells mul­tiply while suspended in agitated liquid medium. It is the process done in tissue culture using plant part such as leaf, stem, roots etc.
C) Protoplasts are naked plant cells without the cell wall, but they possess plasma membrane and all other cellular components. Protoplasts of different species can be fused to generate a hybrid and this process is referred to as somatic hybridization. Genetic transformations can be achieved through genetic engineering of protoplast DNA
D) After hybridization or suspension culture, a new mature plant is produced. This plant is identical to its parent plant
So, the correct answer is 'culture of hybridized mature plant cells'

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

What is micropropagation?

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil.

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium.

  3. The mature stage of endosperm.

  4. To manufacture hormones.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, is a propagation method used to produce plants under sterile conditions. 
  • This method uses plant explants (plant parts) or seeds that have been sterilized before being placed in containers with a growing medium (usually a gel) that has some nutrients added. 
  • Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

A clone is a group of individuals obtained through______________

  1. Hybridisation

  2. Cross-pollination

  3. Self-pollination

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cells derived from a single cell through mitosis constitute a clone and the process of obtaining clones is called cloning (asexual progeny of a single individual make up a clone). 
  • Plant tissue culture or micropropagation is the technique of maintaining and growing plant cells, tissues or organs especially on artificial medium in suitable containers under controlled environmental conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Consider the statements A-D.
A. Production of plants in an artificial synthetic medium is known as micro propagation.
B. Callus is the cellular mass of tissue developed in the early stage of tissue culture.
C. Orchids, dahlia and carnation plants are raised by means of micropropagation.
D. Air layering (gootee) is practised in grape, rose, raspberry and strawberry plants.
The correct statements are given in

  1. Statements A, B and C

  2. Statements A and B

  3. Statements B, C and D

  4. Statements A, B, C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Micropropagation is a more recent practice for growing plants in a culture medium by providing them with all the necessary nutrients and inducing their growth artificially. So, statement A is correct.
  • In the case of growth of plants through asexual means using tissue culture, first of all, the mass of cells is formed which is then differentiated into different cells and forms the entire plant body. This cell mass is called callus. So, statement B is also correct.
  • Examples of micropropagation growth include orchids, dahlia, etc. So, the statement C is also correct.
Examples of Gootee include lychee, pili nut, jack fruit, etc.
So, statement D is incorrect.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Micropropagation means

  1. Preparation of tissue in the laboratory

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Growth of plantlets in nutrient media in the laboratory

  4. Preparation of new tissue by DNA recombination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique for plant propagation in which tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a laboratory to produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent. The small portion of plant tissue, sometimes only a single cell, is placed on a growth medium, typically containing sucrose as an energy source.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Callus is not produced in

  1. Wound

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Suspension culture

  4. Sexual reproduction.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Callus is an undifferentiated mass of cells, that is formed to heal wounds, in tissue culture and suspension culture. However, they are not produced sexual reproduction as it includes formation of gametes and fusion.
So the correct answer is 'Sexual reproduction'