Geography · Environmental Studies

Oceanography and Hydrology

1,743 Questions

Find relevant questions on oceanography and hydrology that address aquatic ecosystems and physical geography. The topics include coastal landforms, coral reefs, ocean salinity, and tidal patterns. These concepts frequently appear in civil services and state level administrative examinations.

Coral reef structuresCoastal landformsOcean salinity patternsGlacial retreat impactsMangrove ecosystems

Oceanography and Hydrology Questions

Multiple choice geography ocean and man movements of ocean and sea water oceanic circulations circulation of ocean water tsunami and floods

Which factors influence ocean currents?

  1. Earth's rotation

  2. Winds across ocean

  3. Density of water

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Factors Influencing Nature and Movement of Ocean Currents:

1. Factors related to the earth’s rotation: Gravitational force and force of deflection.

2. Factors originating within the sea: Atmospheric pressure, winds, precipitation, evaporation and insolation.

3. Factors originating within the sea: Pressure gradient, temperature difference, salinity, density and melting of ice.

4. Factors modifying the ocean currents: Direction and shape of the coast, seasonal variations and bottom topography.

Multiple choice geography biosphere and landscape introduction to earth's landform development of landforms major landforms of the earth

Which of the following influence formation of deltas?

  1. Amount and type of sediment available

  2. Aspect and geometry of coast

  3. Waves, Rate of sedimentation

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Rivers carry a large amount of sediments with them. When rivers deposit these deposits near their mouths, before falling into to sea, a landform is formed that is known as delta. It has rich soil and the river in delta gets bifurcated into a number of streams making deltas highly fertile.
  • Formation of the delta is influenced by the amount and rate of sedimentation, shape and slope of the coast and also by the waves striking at the coast. Hence all options are correct.
Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

Abyssal zone in ocean has

  1. No sunlight but contains consumers and decomposers

  2. No sunlight but contains producers

  3. No sunlight but contains living beings

  4. Sunlight as well as producers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The abyssal zone is the deep ocean layer where sunlight does not penetrate, meaning photosynthesis cannot occur. It relies on organic matter falling from above to support consumers and decomposers.

Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

Which of the following supports a dense population of plankton and littoral vegetation?

  1. Oligotrophic condition

  2. Eutrophic condition

  3. Lithotrophic condition

  4. Agroecotrophic condition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ponds and lakes are stationary fresh water ecosystems. Ponds are generally shallower with depth less than 2 meters. Shallow lakes are eutrophic with rich biota and quick circulation of nutrients. Producers in a pond or lake ecosystem include phytoplanktons like diatoms, desmids, Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Oedogonium etc. Littoral zones occur on the edge of large lakes and rivers, having dense growth of vegetation. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

Littoral zone is found along

  1. High mountain

  2. Sea

  3. River

  4. Desert
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

1) The zone at the edge of a lake or sea or in an aquatic habitat which is alternatively exposed to air is called 'Littoral zone'.

2) Therefore, sunlight is also available here which penetrates to the sediment level and immersed in water, which helps and allow to grow aquatic plants.
3) This coastal zone is rich producers from the surface to bottom, with a large number green alga
4) Organisms which are mobile such as crabs, snails, limpets are usually found in these areas.
So, the correct answer is 'Sea'

Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

Metalimnion is _____________.

  1. Aphotic region of a deep lake

  2. Middle transitional zone

  3. Upper part subject to temperature fluctuations

  4. Lower part where water temperature is low
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In stratified lakes, the metalimnion is the middle transitional layer characterized by a steep temperature gradient, also known as the thermocline. It separates the warmer upper epilimnion from the colder lower hypolimnion.

Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

The zone at the edge of a lake or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called.

  1. Pelagic zone

  2. Benthic zone

  3. Lentic zone

  4. Littoral zone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Littoral zone is the shallow coastal zone. Light is available upto bottom in this zone. Therefore, producers are found throughout from surface to bottom in this zone. Rooted vegetation occurs along shores. Consumers are also available throughout, i.e., from surface to the bottom in this zone.

Multiple choice zoology adaptations to different ecosystems adaptations to aquatic habitat different ecosystem ecosystem

Bottom dwellers, where no light occurs is found in

  1. Benthic zone

  2. Abyssal zone

  3. Pelagic zone

  4. Lotic zone

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The abyssal zone is the abyssopelagic layer or pelagic zone, that contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans. The benthic zone begins from shore to continental shelf. The deep sea floor is called as the abyssal plain.

Multiple choice movements of ocean and sea water oceans : temperature, salinity and density geography tides and ocean currents circulation of ocean water oceanic circulations study of water pollution threats to water resource pollution and environment

The deep sea sediments are deposited mostly by __________________.

  1. microscopic organisms

  2. rivers

  3. ocean currents

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Deep sea sediments are largely composed of the remains of microscopic organisms (like foraminifera and diatoms) that settle on the ocean floor.

Multiple choice movements of ocean and sea water geography ocean circulation of ocean water oceans : temperature, salinity and density tsunami and floods oceanic circulations

Sea-waves are undulated movements of water on the surface of the sea due to ________________.

  1. rotation of earth

  2. difference in temperature

  3. friction of wind on the surface

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Wind blowing over the surface of the ocean creates friction, which transfers energy to the water and generates waves.