Nervous System Physiology

It maintains the balance of the body.

Memory functions are distributed across the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus (in the medial temporal lobe) is crucial for forming new memories, while the temporal cortex stores long-term memories and the prefrontal cortex manages working memory. The cortex encompasses all these regions. The cerebellum coordinates movement, medulla controls vital functions, and cerebrum is the overarching structure.

Yes, it is correct answer. The ears perform two sensory functions, hearing and maintenance of body balance.

Hypothalamus controls the endocrine glands.

Digastric muscle has two bellies and lies below the mandible, extending from the mastoid process to the chin. The posterior belly, which is longer than the anterior, is attached in the mastoid notch of the temporal bone and passes downwards and forwards. The anterior belly is attached to the digastric fossa on the base of the mandible near the midline and it slopes downwards and backwards. The two bellies meet in an intermediate tendon, which runs in a fibrous sling attached to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and is sometimes lined by a synovial sheath. The tendon perforates the stylohyoid.

Areas 44 and 45 constitute the motor speech area (broca’s area). Broca’s area is premotor area labelled ‘word formation’ lying immediately anterior to primary motor cortex and immediately above the sylvian fissure.

Cubital tunnel syndrome, which involves pain or abnormal sensations in the elbow area, is seen in musicians especially guitarists. The reason of the pain is nerve compression.

It is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the important functions is the control of 'thirst' and 'hunger'.

Olfactory lobes perceive the sense of smell.

Polar artery and inferolateral artery supply blood to the thalamus.

Tentorium cerebelli is a fold of the dura mater separating cerebrum from cerebellum.

The neurons of the subthalamic nucleus contain glutamate that has excitatory effects over neurons of globus pallidus and substantia nigra.

Broca's area is the part of the brain which is on the front-left side of the cortex of the brain and is responsible for not only speech production, but also language comprehension and language compression. It also controls facial neurons.

The brains of fish do not have a hippocampus region. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that is involved in memory forming, organising and storing.

The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that functions to make human beings unique and distinct. Distinctly, human traits encompassing higher thought, language and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex.