Biology · General Awareness

Muscle Biology

836 Questions

Muscle biology covers the structures, functions, and contraction mechanisms of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Test questions target filaments, stimuli, and specific muscle roles. A clear understanding helps secure marks in biology sections.

Skeletal muscle controlCardiac muscle propertiesMuscle contraction mechanismActin and myosin filamentsMuscle functions

Muscle Biology Questions

Multiple choice zoology musculo-skeletal system red and white muscle types of muscle fibres locomotion and movements

Which of the following is correct statement for white muscle fibre?

  1. It contains low amount of haemoglobin and mitochondria.

  2. It contains higher amount of myoglobin.

  3. It contains low amount of myoglobin and mitochondria.

  4. It possesses only actin type of protein.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Muscle is a  bundle of fibrous tissue in a body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
  • The total number of muscles in the human body comes in the range of 640-850.
  • Muscles appear in red colour due to a pigment called myoglobin. It receives oxygen from the red blood cells and transports it to the mitochondria of muscle cells, where the oxygen is used in cellular respiration to produce energy. 
  • Muscle fibres are named as white muscle fibres because It contains a low amount of myoglobin and mitochondria.compared to red muscle fibres.
  • So, the correct answer is 'It contains a low amount of myoglobin and mitochondria'.
Multiple choice zoology musculo-skeletal system red and white muscle types of muscle fibres locomotion and movements

Identify from the following list, the characteristics of red muscles (A) and white muscles (B) and select the option that correctly segregates the characters.
(i) Less number of mitochondria
(ii) More number of mitochondria
(iii) Sarcoplasmic reticulum is abundant
(iv) Myoglobin content high
(v) Sarcoplamic reticulum moderate
(vi) Aerobic muscles
(vii) Depend on anaerobic respiration. for energy
(viii) Less myoglobin content 

  1. (i), (iii), (vii), (viii) (ii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  2. (ii), (iv),(vi), (v),(i), (vii), (viii),(iii)

  3. (i), (iii), (iv), (vii) (ii), (v), (vi), (viii)

  4. (ii), (v), (vi), (viii) (i), (iii), (iv), (vii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Red muscles (A) are rich in myoglobin, have many mitochondria, and rely on aerobic respiration. White muscles (B) have less myoglobin, fewer mitochondria, and rely more on anaerobic respiration with abundant sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple choice zoology musculo-skeletal system red and white muscle types of muscle fibres locomotion and movements

Which of the following correctly characterises a "fast-oxidative" type of skeletal muscle fibre?

  1. Few mitochondria and high glycogen content

  2. Low myosin ATPase rate and few surrounding capillaries

  3. Low glycolytic enzyme activity and intermediate contraction velocity

  4. High myoglobin content and intermediate glycolytic enzyme activity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fast oxidative type of muscle fibres is generally found in the sprinters that need to run for a short amount of time. They do not need to have a very large number of mitochondria for continuous ATP production but they do need to have speed. So in such muscle fibres, there is a high glycogen content which is converting into lactic acid rapidly and fatigue is caused more early.

So, the correct option is 'Few mitochondria and high glycogen content'

Multiple choice zoology musculo-skeletal system red and white muscle types of muscle fibres locomotion and movements

Which of the following match is incorrect?

  1. Red muscle - Large amount of mitochondria

  2. White muscle - Fight muscles of the birds

  3. Smooth muscle - Innervated by autonomous nervous system

  4. Cardiac muscle - Abundant blood supply
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Red muscles contain a large amount of mitochondria as it requires large amount of energy. White muscles contain fewer mitochondria. Pectoralis major is the flight muscles of the birds. It helps birds to flight. It is a red muscle. The autonomic nervous system is involuntary. It controls cardiac and smooth muscles, glands and blood vessels. Cardiac muscle has abundant blood supply. It extracts approximately 75% of the oxygen from blood in the left ventricle. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'White muscle - Fight muscles of the birds.'

Multiple choice biology locomotion and movements structure of muscle skeletal muscles coordination

The functional unit of contractile system in a striated muscle is 

  1. sarcomere

  2. Z-band

  3. cross bridges

  4. myofibril
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The sarcomeres are fibrous protein filaments that slide past one another when the muscle contracts or relaxes. It is basically the region between two Z-bands. It is also the functional unit of the contractile system in a striated muscle.

So, the correct answer is 'sarcomere'.

Multiple choice biology locomotion and movements structure of muscle skeletal muscles coordination

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : A primary myofilament is composed of a bundle of rod-like molecules of a protein myosin.
Statement 2 : Myosin and actin together form a contractile apparatus. 

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Both the statements given in the question are correct as a primary myofilament is composed of a bundle of rod-like molecules of a protein myosin and myosin and actin together form a contractile apparatus.
So, the correct answer is '
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.'
Multiple choice biology locomotion and movements structure of muscle skeletal muscles coordination

Myosin filaments are thick and are made up of small units called meromyosin. Each meromyosin globular head with short arm called ____________.

  1. Heavy meromyosin

  2. Light meromycin

  3. Both a and b

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Myosin molecules consist of heavy meromyosin (the globular head with short arm) and light meromyosin (the rod-like tail). The heavy meromyosin head contains the ATPase activity and actin-binding site crucial for muscle contraction. Option B incorrectly spells meromyosin as meromycin (an antibiotic compound), making Option A the correct choice.

Multiple choice biology locomotion and movements structure of muscle skeletal muscles coordination

Which of the.following statements are correct regarding muscle proteins ?
 (i) Actin is a thin filament and is Frock up of two F-actirs.
(ii) The complex protein, tropomyosin is distributed at regular intervals on the troponin. 
(iii)  Myosin is a thick flament which is also a polymerised protein. 
(iv) The globular head of meromyosin consists of light merornyosin (LMM).

  1. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Actin is the thin filament in the sarcomere, comprising F-actin, tropomyosin and troponin protein, troponin is attached to tropomyosin, while myosin is a thick filament.

So, the correct option is '(i), (ii) and (iii)'.

Multiple choice biology tissues: plant and animal tissues tissues of animals animal tissues and its type tissues: animal tissues fluid connective tissue

Muscular tissues which function throughout the life continuously without fatigue is______________

  1. Skeletal muscle

  2. Smooth muscle

  3. Cardiac muscle

  4. Voluntary muscle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found only in the walls of the heart. 
  • This is a specialized muscle that, while similar in some fundamental ways to smooth muscle and skeletal muscle, has a unique structure and with an ability not possessed by muscle tissue elsewhere in the body. 
  • Cardiac muscle, like other muscles, can contract, but it can also carry an action potential (i.e., conduct electricity), like the neurons that constitute nerves.
  •  Furthermore, some of the cells have the ability to generate an action potential, known as cardiac muscle automaticity. Cardiac muscle is adapted to be highly resistant to fatigue:
  •  it has a large number of mitochondria, enabling continuous aerobic respiration, numerous myoglobins (oxygen-storing pigment), and a good blood supply, which provides nutrients and oxygen. 
Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in man types of muscles muscles muscles and their structure muscle contraction

Extensor muscles of back have

  1. An aerobic oxidation

  2. Fast rate of contraction

  3. Larger diameter muscle fibers

  4. Abundant in myoglobin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,D Correct answer
Explanation

Extensor muscles. Attached to the back of the spine, these muscles allow us to stand and lift objects. They include the large muscles in the lower back (erector spinae), which help hold up the spine, and gluteal muscles.

Extensor muscles are one of the examples for red muscles which contains abundant mitochondria and myoglobin. 
Red muscle fibres contract and fatigue more slowly than white fibres and generate ATP by aerobic catabolism of glucose and fats, utilizing myoglobin-bound O2
Myoglobin is abundant and great numbers of mitochondria occur, characterized by slow, sustained (tonic) contraction.
So, the correct answer is 'An aerobic oxidation and Abundant in myoglobin'

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in man types of muscles muscles muscles and their structure muscle contraction

Largest muscle of human body is

  1. Stapedium

  2. Quadriceps

  3. Gluteus maximus

  4. Masseter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body. These muscles help move the hips and thighs and also keep the trunk of the body in upright position. These muscles work against the gravity when we are walking up stairs. So, the correct answer is 'Gluteus maximus'.

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in man types of muscles muscles muscles and their structure muscle contraction

Which of the following muscle types CNNOT be used valuntarily.

  1. Both striated and smooth

  2. Both cardiac and striated

  3. Both smooth and cardiac

  4. Cardiac,striated and smooth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Smooth muscles (found in organs) and cardiac muscles (found in the heart) are involuntary. Striated (skeletal) muscles are voluntary.