Modern Indian History

The first railway line in India was opened on April 16, 1853, running from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34 kilometers. This marked the beginning of the Indian railway system.

Ramanujan passed away on April 26, 1920 at the young age of 32. His health had declined significantly after his return to India in 1919, and he died in Kumbakonam due to illness related to his tuberculosis and vitamin deficiency.

Srinivasa Ramanujan was elected as a Fellow of The Royal Society in 1918. This was a historic achievement as one of the youngest Fellows ever elected and the first Indian to receive this honor. He was proposed by Hardy and supported by other eminent mathematicians based on his groundbreaking work in number theory and mathematical analysis.

Ramanujan returned to India in 1919 after his stay in Cambridge, England, due to declining health. He had spent about 5 years in England (1914-1919). The other dates are incorrect - 1910 was before he left for England, and 1915 was during his Cambridge period.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. This date is now celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and International Day of Non-Violence worldwide. The other years are incorrect.

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, was born on 14th November 1889 in Allahabad. This date is celebrated as Children's Day in India. The other years are incorrect dates.

Indira Gandhi, India's first and only female Prime Minister, was born on 19th November 1917 in Allahabad. She served as Prime Minister for four terms and was a central figure in Indian politics for decades.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897. This is a well-documented historical fact about one of India's most prominent freedom fighters. The other options are either incorrect dates or years.

Lata Mangeshkar was born on 28th September 1929 in Indore. She is one of India's most legendary playback singers. The question contains a typo in her name (Mageshkar instead of Mangeshkar) but the answer is correct.

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He served as the 11th President of India and was known as the Missile Man of India.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on 25th December 1924 in Gwalior. He was one of the co-founders of the BJP and served as Prime Minister of India three times. All options are Christmas Day in different years.

Ratan Tata was born on 28th December 1937 in Bombay (now Mumbai). He is one of India's most prominent industrialists and led the Tata Group for decades. The other dates are incorrect.

Mahatma Gandhi is officially recognized as the 'Father of the Nation' in India for his pivotal role in India's independence movement through non-violent resistance. While Nehru was the first Prime Minister, Rajendra Prasad was the first President, and Manmohan Singh was a later Prime Minister, Gandhi alone holds this title.