Modern Indian History

Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to continue his guru Ramakrishna Paramhansa's teachings. Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna was the guru, and 'Shri Hari Guru' is not relevant.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828 to reform Hinduism and oppose practices like Sati. Rabindranath Tagore was associated but not the founder, Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj, and 'Raja Gop Gupaggam Das' appears to be a garbled name.

Mahatma Gandhi's title 'Mahatma' literally means 'Great Soul' in Sanskrit, given to him by Rabindranath Tagore. Subhas Chandra Bose was 'Netaji', Nehru was 'Pandit', and Tilak was 'Lokmanya'. Gandhi is revered as the Father of the Nation and leader of India's independence movement through non-violence.

Kamarajar was known as the 'Maker of Kings' (Kingmaker) in Tamil Nadu politics for his role in installing multiple chief ministers. He was a senior Congress leader from Tamil Nadu who served as state party president and influenced national politics. Subhas Chandra Bose, Nehru, and Patel had different titles and roles.

Jawaharlal Nehru's name comes from the Persian 'Nehr' meaning canal or 'Nilav' meaning red jewel in some interpretations, though the etymology is debated. Gandhi, Patel, and Tilak had different names and titles. Nehru was India's first Prime Minister and a key figure in the independence movement.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is called the 'Maker of Modern India' for his pioneering social reforms including abolishing Sati and advocating for women's rights, education, and rational thinking. He founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. Tilak, Kamarajar, and Nehru had different contributions and titles.

Lala Lajpat Rai was given the title 'Maharaj' (King) and also known as 'Punjab Kesari' (Lion of Punjab) for his leadership in the independence movement. Tilak was 'Lokmanya', Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary martyr, and Subhas Chandra Bose was 'Netaji'. Lajpat Rai was part of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio.

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote 'The Discovery of India' during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort in 1944-1945. It's a comprehensive exploration of India's history, culture, and philosophical heritage.

Abhinava Bharat was organized by V.D. Savarkar in 1904 as a secret society of revolutionaries fighting for Indian independence. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki were revolutionary martyrs but not founders of this society. Bhagat Singh was active later in the 1920s.

The Deccan Educational Society was founded in 1884 by Mahadev Govind Ranade along with other social reformers. While Tilak, Gokhale, and Dadabhai Naoroji were all prominent figures in India's freedom struggle and education, M.G. Ranade was specifically the founder of this particular society. The society aimed to promote national education.

Individual Satyagraha was launched by Gandhi in 1940 as a limited protest method against British refusal to concede Indian demands. After Vinoba Bhave began the movement, Jawaharlal Nehru was the second chosen satyagrahi, arrested on 31 October 1940 for making anti-war speeches. Rajendra Prasad, Rajagopalachari, and Patel participated later but not as the second satyagrahi.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad wrote 'India Wins Freedom' (published posthumously in 1959), which provides a detailed account of India's independence movement and his role as Congress President and Education Minister. The book remains a primary source on partition negotiations and Congress leadership dynamics.

Somnath Chatterjee, who served as the Speaker of Lok Sabha (2004-2009), authored this autobiography documenting his parliamentary career. The book reflects on his political journey and experiences in Indian politics.

The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, launched and supported the Shuddhi movement in the early 20th century. This movement aimed to reconvert Hindus who had converted to other religions back to Hinduism through purification ceremonies.

Lord Ripon's Local Self Government Act of 1882 introduced significant reforms by establishing elected local bodies and giving Indians greater control over local affairs. This landmark legislation was a major step toward self-governance during the British colonial period.