Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi is called the Father of India (also Father of the Nation) for his pivotal role in India's independence movement through non-violent civil disobedience. His leadership inspired millions and shaped modern India's democratic and secular values.

The Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath is India's national emblem, featuring four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back. Adopted in 1950, it represents power, courage, and pride, and appears on the Indian flag, currency, and official documents. Option C says 'Lioned Capital' which refers to this same symbol.

Mahatma Gandhi was lovingly called 'Bapuji' (father) by the people of India. The name symbolized the respect and affection he commanded as the leader of the Indian independence movement. Nehru was known as 'Chacha', while Gokhale and Tilak were other prominent leaders with different titles.

Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, was affectionately called 'Chacha Nehru' (Uncle Nehru) by children, as he had a special connection with them and his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day. Lala Lajpat Rai was the Lion of Punjab, Patel was the Iron Man, and Amar Singh was a different leader.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as 'Frontier Gandhi', was a Pashtun leader from the North-West Frontier Province who championed nonviolent resistance alongside Mahatma Gandhi. He founded the Khudai Khidmatgaran (Servants of God) movement. Jinnah founded Pakistan, Abdullah was the Lion of Kashmir, and Patel was the Iron Man.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, earned the title 'Iron Man of India' for his decisive role in integrating over 500 princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Nehru was the first PM, Gandhi was the Mahatma, and Lajpat Rai was the Lion of Punjab.

Lala Lajpat Rai, the Punjabi freedom fighter, was known as the 'Lion of Punjab' for his courage and leadership in the independence movement. He led the protest against the Simon Commission and died from police lathi charges. Nehru and Patel had different titles, while Tilak was known as Lokmanya.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the Maharashtrian freedom fighter and social reformer, was given the title 'Lokmanya' (meaning 'accepted by the people' or 'beloved leader') for his mass appeal. He popularized the slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright'. Patel was the Iron Man, Tagore was Gurudev, and Nehru was Chacha.

Subhas Chandra Bose was affectionately called 'Netaji' (meaning 'Respected Leader' in Hindi) by his followers and the Indian public. He was a prominent freedom fighter who formed the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to fight against British colonial rule with Japanese support.

G.D. Birla wrote 'In the Shadow of the Mahatma,' documenting his close association with Mahatma Gandhi and providing insights into the freedom movement from an industrialist's perspective.

Dr. Manmohan Singh, India's 13th Prime Minister, was born on September 26, 1932 in Gah, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He served as PM from 2004-2014 and is credited with economic reforms.

Telugu actor Mahesh Babu married Namrata Shirodkar on February 10, 2005. The wedding took place in Mumbai after a courtship of several years. Namrata was a former actress herself before their marriage.

Abhinava Bharat was a secret society of revolutionaries organized by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (V.D. Savarkar) around 1904. It aimed to achieve India's independence from British rule through revolutionary means. Khudiram Bose, Prafulla Chaki, and Bhagat Singh were revolutionary martyrs but not the founders of this organization.

Abhinav Bharat was a secret society of revolutionaries organized by V.D. Savarkar in 1904 to fight for India's independence from British rule. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki were members, while Bhagat Singh founded different revolutionary organizations later.

This quote appears to be from Ben Jonson (1572-1637), the English Renaissance playwright and poet. It reflects his wit and literary style. The other options are historical figures from different eras and contexts.