Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi famously described the Cripps' Mission proposals as a 'post-dated cheque on a crashing bank' due to the uncertainty of the British promise for dominion status.

The Salt Satyagraha, also known as the Dandi March, was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.

Unto This Last is an essay and book on economy by John Ruskin, first published in 1860. It had a profound influence on Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of life and economics.

Vande Mataram is a poem written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in his 1882 novel Anandamath. It was adopted as the national song of India.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which later became the Aligarh Muslim University.

Lord Ripon is known as the father of local self-government in India for his resolution of 1882, which gave the people the right to elect local bodies.

Baharamji Malabari, a social reformer and journalist, founded the Seva Sadan in Bombay in 1908 to work for the welfare of women.

R. C. Dutt, G. V. Joshi, and Dadabhai Naoroji were prominent figures in the economic critique of British rule. Annie Besant was primarily involved in the Home Rule movement and theosophy.

The journal 'Man in India', founded by S. C. Roy, was later edited by Surjit Chandra Sinha, a prominent anthropologist.

Samachar Chandrika was a conservative Bengali newspaper launched by Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay that strongly defended orthodox Hindu traditions and campaigned against the abolition of Sati by Lord William Bentinck.

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the fifth President of India and signed the proclamation of emergency declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on June 26, 1975.

The Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence Association was established in 1893 by Theodore Beck and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to keep Muslims away from the Congress, but it was primarily organized by Beck.

The All India Muslim League adopted the goal of self-government within the British Empire during its 1912 session in Lucknow.

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh translated the national song, Vande Mataram, into English.