Modern Indian History

Bihar was formed on March 22, 1912, when the Bengal Presidency was partitioned and Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. This was a major administrative restructuring during British rule. The other dates (1925, 1932, 1941) are incorrect.

Gujarat was formed on May 1, 1960, when the Bombay State was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra based on linguistic lines (Gujarati and Marathi speakers). This followed the Mahagujarat Movement. The other dates (1966, 1968, 1957) are incorrect.

The year 1805 corresponds to the formation of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, which later became Uttar Pradesh after independence. The question asks when Uttar Pradesh 'was formed in' rather than the statehood date after 1947, making 1805 the historically accurate answer for the administrative region's formation.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. This is a well-documented historical fact and fundamental knowledge about Gandhi's life for Indian history students.

Gandhiji took the vow of brahmacharya (celibacy) in 1906 when he was 37 years old. This was a deeply personal decision he made after consulting with his wife Kasturbai and was part of his spiritual evolution toward self-discipline and simpler living.

Plea for Vegetarianism by Henry Salt greatly influenced Gandhiji during his time in England. He had already promised his mother not to eat meat, and this book reinforced his commitment to vegetarianism while introducing him to ethical and philosophical arguments supporting it.

Gandhiji was called to the bar (became a qualified lawyer) in 1891 after completing his legal studies in London. He enrolled at the Inner Temple and studied law there from 1888 to 1891, though he returned to India shortly after being called to the bar.

Before leaving for England in 1888, Gandhiji took several vows at his mother's insistence, including not to touch alcohol, not to eat meat (which he had already vowed), and not to pursue women (faithfulness to his wife). These were serious promises that guided his behavior throughout his stay in England.

The historic Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) took place in 1930 from March 12 to April 6. Gandhi led this 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea coast to protest the British salt tax, marking a pivotal moment in India's independence movement and civil disobedience campaign.

Mahadev Desai served as Mahatma Gandhi's personal secretary from 1917 until his death in 1942. He was Gandhi's closest associate and confidant, maintaining his diaries and correspondence, and accompanied Gandhi during crucial events including the Salt March and various Round Table Conferences.

Gandhiji wrote a confession letter to his father admitting to stealing money to buy cigarettes when he was around 15-16 years old. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, read the letter, tore it up without any punishment, and Gandhi was deeply moved by this act of forgiveness, which he later recounted in his autobiography.

Henry Polak (H S Polak) gave Gandhi John Ruskin's 'Unto This Last' in South Africa, which deeply influenced Gandhiji's economic and social philosophy, particularly his ideas on sarvodaya (welfare of all) and equitable distribution. The book's emphasis on the dignity of labor and social justice resonated strongly with Gandhi's evolving views.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a Hindu extremist and former member of the Hindu Mahasabha, who opposed Gandhi's secular approach and perceived appeasement of Muslims, particularly his stance on the partition of India and payment to Pakistan.

Gandhiji joined the Inner Temple on November 6, 1888, after completing his admission requirements to become a barrister. The Inns of Court (Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn) were mandatory for legal education in England, and Gandhi chose Inner Temple where he studied law from 1888 to 1891.