Modern Indian Historical Figures

Guru Gobind Singh did not agree to pay tribute to Bhim Chand, as he asserted the sovereignty of the Sikh community and refused to be a vassal.

The Panj Piare were the first five members of the Khalsa: Daya Ram, Dharam Dass, Mokham Chand, Sahib Chand, and Himmat Rai.

Shivaji Maharaj decided to raid Lal Mahal secretly under his own leadership. On 5th April 1663, Maharaj raided Lal Mahal at night with a select band of soldiers. In this raid, Shaistakhan lost his fingers. He suffered great humiliation. He left Pune and shifted his camp to Aurangabad.

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan ruled Mysuru from 1761 to 1799.Tippu waged many wars against the Britishers. He negotiated with the French to dethrone the British rule in India. He also undertook numerous people-friendly measures in his state.Tippu died in a war against the Britishers in 1799. Then, the British handed over the administration back to Wodeyars.

The Hoysalas were a kingdom in the south which emerged with the weakening of the Chalukyas. The Hoysalas had brought into practice a provincial system of administration. The power to rule was given to the Prince, Queen and the Royal family. The officials looked after the administration of the nadu and vishayas. In the villages, there used to be the representatives of the government like the gowda, senabova, talawara and others.

Lord Curzon, as Viceroy of India, created the North-West Frontier Province in 1901 by separating the trans-Indus districts from Punjab.

The Lahore treaty was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War. It was concluded between the East India Company and Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur. In this treaty both the parties (British and Sikhs) agreed to not shelter each other’s enemy and not interfere with each other’s affairs.

First Anglo-Sikh war was fought between the years 1845 – 1846. The war was fought between Sikh Empire and East India Company. This war was fought in Punjab. During this time Lord Harding was Governor General. During the war, Tej Singh became the commander of the army. He fled away fearing the English troops from the battle ground.

Lord Harding declared war on Punjab on 13th December 1845. Between 1845 and 1849 Sikhs and British fought two wars. In the first war, Punjab was defeated. But the Sikhs caused a reversal on 21st January 1846 when under the leadership of Ranjodh Singh and Ajit Singh they defeated the army of Harry Smith.

Second Anglo-Sikh war broke out between the years 1848 and 1849. After a huge blood shed the youngest son of Ranjit Singh, Dileep Singh took charge of Sikh empire in 1843 under the guidance of his mother, Queen Jindan. Soon Queen Mother Jindan was arrested and charged with treason and inciting other Sikhs. She was deposed. This disgraceful behaviour with queen mother led to the outbreak of war.

Treaty of Lahore did not last long and the resignation of the governor of Multan led to chaos in Punjab. To bring the situation under control two British Officers under Khan Singh were deputed to Multan but both the British officers were murdered there. Vans Agnew and Anderson were the two officers who were murdered in Multan. 

Kohinoor diamond which was initially mined from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh was handed over to British after the first Anglo-Sikh war from Maharaja Duleep.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh accompanied his father, Mahan Singh, on the campaign of Sohdrah when he was ten years old.

Mir Zafar was the commander in chief of Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah's army.

Gokula or Gokul Singh was a Jat zamindar of Mathura. Gokula provided leadership to the Jat peasants who challenged the Imperial power. Gokula inspired the Jats to fight the Mughals.