Modern Indian Historical Figures

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan ruled Mysuru from 1761 to 1799.Tippu waged many wars against the Britishers. He negotiated with the French to dethrone the British rule in India. He also undertook numerous people-friendly measures in his state.Tippu died in a war against the Britishers in 1799. Then, the British handed over the administration back to Wodeyars.

The Hoysalas were a kingdom in the south which emerged with the weakening of the Chalukyas. The Hoysalas had brought into practice a provincial system of administration. The power to rule was given to the Prince, Queen and the Royal family. The officials looked after the administration of the nadu and vishayas. In the villages, there used to be the representatives of the government like the gowda, senabova, talawara and others.

Lord Curzon, as Viceroy of India, created the North-West Frontier Province in 1901 by separating the trans-Indus districts from Punjab.

The Lahore treaty was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War. It was concluded between the East India Company and Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur. In this treaty both the parties (British and Sikhs) agreed to not shelter each other’s enemy and not interfere with each other’s affairs.

First Anglo-Sikh war was fought between the years 1845 – 1846. The war was fought between Sikh Empire and East India Company. This war was fought in Punjab. During this time Lord Harding was Governor General. During the war, Tej Singh became the commander of the army. He fled away fearing the English troops from the battle ground.

Lord Harding declared war on Punjab on 13th December 1845. Between 1845 and 1849 Sikhs and British fought two wars. In the first war, Punjab was defeated. But the Sikhs caused a reversal on 21st January 1846 when under the leadership of Ranjodh Singh and Ajit Singh they defeated the army of Harry Smith.

Second Anglo-Sikh war broke out between the years 1848 and 1849. After a huge blood shed the youngest son of Ranjit Singh, Dileep Singh took charge of Sikh empire in 1843 under the guidance of his mother, Queen Jindan. Soon Queen Mother Jindan was arrested and charged with treason and inciting other Sikhs. She was deposed. This disgraceful behaviour with queen mother led to the outbreak of war.

Treaty of Lahore did not last long and the resignation of the governor of Multan led to chaos in Punjab. To bring the situation under control two British Officers under Khan Singh were deputed to Multan but both the British officers were murdered there. Vans Agnew and Anderson were the two officers who were murdered in Multan. 

Kohinoor diamond which was initially mined from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh was handed over to British after the first Anglo-Sikh war from Maharaja Duleep.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh accompanied his father, Mahan Singh, on the campaign of Sohdrah when he was ten years old.

Mir Zafar was the commander in chief of Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah's army.

Gokula or Gokul Singh was a Jat zamindar of Mathura. Gokula provided leadership to the Jat peasants who challenged the Imperial power. Gokula inspired the Jats to fight the Mughals.

In 1522 Sher Shah joined under the service of Bahar Khan under Lohani, the ruler of Bihar. His master rewarded him with the title of Sher Khan for his bravery in killing a tiger single-handed. But the intrigues of his enemies compelled him to leave Bihar and he joined the camp of Babur in 1527. After the death of Bahar Khan Lohani , Sher Khan left Mughal service and became the ruler of Bihar.

According to the terms of a subsidiary alliance, princely rulers were not allowed to have an independent armed force. They were to be protected by the East India Company, but had to pay for the 'subsidiary forces' that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as a penalty. For example, the ruler of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the "subsidiary forces".

After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Maratha ruler Baji Rao II also accepted a subsidiary alliance. several states like: Hyderabad (1798 and 1800), Tanjore (1799), Awadh (1801), Bhonsle (1803), and Indore(1817) adopted this system.