Biology

Microorganisms in Food Production

1,120 Questions

Microorganisms play a vital role in food production through processes like fermentation and bioprocessing. Questions on this topic cover the use of yeast, bacteria, and industrial microbiology. These concepts are important for science sections in various competitive exams.

Alcoholic fermentationDairy beverage productionIndustrial ethanol preparationCitric acid productionBiodigester temperature

Microorganisms in Food Production Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following organisms is used in the preparation of alcohol?

  1. Mushroom

  2. Mucor

  3. Yeast

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in alcohol production through fermentation. It converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Mushrooms are fungi used for food, Mucor is a bread mold, and algae are photosynthetic organisms - none produce alcohol through fermentation. Yeast's ability to ferment sugars makes it essential in brewing and winemaking.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. Propionibacterium can use lactic acid produced by other bacteria.

  2. Pseudomonas is oxidase negative.

  3. Escherichia is oxidase positive.

  4. Salmonella can be readily distinguished from E. coli by the production of lactic acid.

  5. All bacteria have cytochrome C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is true. Propionibacteria can transform lactic acid to pyruvic acid in preparing for the Kreb’s cycle.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. Fruit juices turn bitter in taste if they are kept in open place for some time because bacteria of the atmosphere react with the juices.
  2. Organisms which give birth to young ones directly are viviparous animals.

Which of the given statements is/are correct?

  1. Only (1)

  2. Only (2)

  3. Both (1) and (2)

  4. Neither (1) nor (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (1) is incorrect. Fruit juices turn bitter in taste if they are kept in open place for some time because of fermentation of juice by yeast. Statement (2) is correct. Organisms which give to birth to young ones directly are viviparous animals. For example, dogs, cats, etc.

Multiple choice

Which of the following PCR formats is/are used in the detection of both DNA and RNA viruses? P. RT-PCR Q. IC-PCR R. IC-RT-PCR

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. P and Q

  5. Q and R
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Nucleic acid based detection systems were greatly improved following the development of the polymerase improved following the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is able to detect pathogens by targeting their genetic material (RNA/DNA). Real time PCR (RT-PCR) is used to combine amplification, detection and quantification in a single step for RNA as target. Immunocapture PCR (IC-PCR) is used to combine the advantages of serology and is a very sensitive method of detection the diseases by targeting both DNA and RNA as genetic material. Multiplex PCR (IC-RT-PCR) allows for simultaneous and sensitive detection of different DNA and RNA as genetic material in the detection of plant diseases in a single reaction.

Multiple choice

What are the polymers of ribitol or glycerol phosphates covalently linked to the peptidoglycan of gram positive organisms?

  1. Diaminopimelic acid

  2. Lipopolysaccharide

  3. Teichoic acids

  4. N-acetylmuramic acid

  5. Lipid A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Teichoic acids are bacterial polysaccharides of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate linked to muramic acid of peptidoglycan via phosphodiester bonds. Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of gram positive bacteria, such as species in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium and Listeria ,and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. Teichoic acids are not found in gram- negative bacteria.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. Yakult, a probiotic drink is a product made by mixing skimmed milk with a special strain of the bacterium.
  2. An adult body has approx. 89% of water.

Which of the given statements is/are correct?

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (1) is correct. Yakult is a milk-like product made by fermenting a mixture of skimmed milk with a special strain of the bacterium named Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Statement (2) is incorrect. An adult body has approx. 70% of water.

Multiple choice

Which of the following bacteria is used in vinegar production?

Bacteria play a major role in the constant nourishment of our life. There are numerous beneficial as well as damaging bacteria around us. They use in different fields like agriculture, industry, medical, etc.

  1. Fusarium

  2. Mycoderm

  3. Nitrosomes and nitrococcus

  4. Staphylo

  5. Azobactor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mycoderm bacteria are used in conversion of sugar and sugary materials into acetic acid/vinegar.

Multiple choice

Vitamin-B (Riboflavin) is obtained from which of the following bacteria?

Bacteria play a major role in the constant nourishment of our life. There are numerous beneficial as well as damaging bacteria around us. They use in different fields like agriculture, industry, medical, etc.

  1. Bacillus substises

  2. Bacillus typhosus

  3. Rhizobium

  4. Clostridium

  5. Fusarium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin-B (Riboflavin) is obtained from Clostridium bacteria,  which is especially important for medicinal uses.

Multiple choice

Microbes used as single-cell proteins (SCPs) are:

  1. Chlorella, Spirulina, Yeasts

  2. Propionibacterium, Jatropha, Hevea brasiliensis

  3. Agrobacterium tumifacium, Spirulina, Hevea brasiliensis

  4. Propionibacterium, Agrobacterium tumifacium, Yeasts

  5. Chlorella, Spirulina, Agrobacterium tumifacium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All are used as single-cell proteins.

Multiple choice

Which of the following microbes are used in preparation of yoghurt?

  1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

  2. Leuconostoc mesenteroids and Enterobacter aerogenes

  3. Enterobactor aerogens and Fusarium moniliforme

  4. Streptococcus lactis and Leuconostoc citrovorus

  5. Fusarium moniliforme and Streptococcus thermophilus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Yoghurt is prepared by fermenting artificially concentrated milk with a mixture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus at a temperature of 24-5 oC for 4 hrs followed by fermentation with yeast.