Medieval and Islamic History

Ghias-ud-din Tughlaq died in 1325 when a pavilion (pandal) constructed to welcome him back from a campaign collapsed, allegedly orchestrated by his son, Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

After Timur's invasion, Khizar Khan was appointed as the governor of Multan and later became the founder of the Sayyid dynasty in 1414.

Amir Khusru, often called the 'Parrot of India', was a prolific poet who served under several Delhi Sultans, most notably Ala-ud-din Khilji.

Malik Kafur was the general and confidant of Ala-ud-din Khilji. Historical accounts suggest he played a significant role in the power struggles following the Sultan's death, though the claim that he poisoned the Sultan is a common historical narrative.

While Qutub-ud-din Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate, Muhammad Ghori is considered the first Muslim ruler to establish a lasting political foothold in India through his victories in the late 12th century.

Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal Emperor Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kannauj, forcing him into exile and establishing the Sur Empire.

In the Battle of Buxar (1764), Mir Qasim was allied with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daula.

Sir Thomas Roe was the ambassador of King James I to the court of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, arriving in 1615 to secure trading rights.

Hafiz Saeed, the founder of Lashkar-e-Taiba, was indeed freed by a Pakistani High Court in 2009 due to lack of evidence, though this decision was controversial and internationally criticized. Zarar Shah and Abu Al Kama (likely misspelled) were other 26/11 accused who were not released at that time.

Taimur Lung invaded India in 1398 AD during the reign of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughlaq, who is often referred to as Mohd. Tughlaq in this context.

The Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) located inside the Red Fort in Delhi was built by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb for his personal use.

Iltutmish was invited to the throne of Delhi by the military officers and the Turk Amirs of Delhi, who sought a capable ruler after the death of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and the short reign of Aram Shah.

While Qutb-ud-din Aibak founded the Slave dynasty, he ruled from Lahore. It was his successor, Iltutmish, who shifted the capital to Delhi.

Razia Sultan was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq is often described by historians as a 'sensational mixture of opposites' or 'internal differences' due to his visionary but often impractical and contradictory policies.