Medieval and Islamic History

Man Singh (Raja Man Singh I of Amber) was indeed one of the nine gems (Navaratnas) in Emperor Akbar's court. He was a trusted general and one of the most influential Rajput nobles in Akbar's administration. The other names are fictional.

Bahlul Lodi (also spelled Bahlul Khan Lodi) was the founder of the Lodi dynasty, which ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. He was an Afghan noble who seized power after the Sayyid dynasty.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq brought Ashoka’s Pillar to Delhi. The Feroz Shah Kotla was a fortress built by Sultan Feroz Shah Tughlaq to house his version of Delhi city called Ferozabad. A pristine polished sandstone pillar from the 3^rd century B.C. rises from the palace\'s crumbling remains, one of many pillars left by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka; it was moved from Ambala, Punjab and re-erected in its current location in 1356.

Sher Shah Suri introduced the silver Rupiya coin during his reign (1540-1545 AD), which became the basis for the modern Indian rupee. The currency system he established continued through the Mughal period and British rule.

Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal Emperor, ruling from 1837 until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British exiled him to Burma where he died in 1862.

Razia Sultan (1236-1240) was the daughter of Iltutmish, the third Sultan of Delhi. She was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Alauddin Khilji was famous for his market control policy, which included government-run markets, fixed prices, and strict control on supply. His system was designed to prevent hoarding and ensure fair prices.

Razia Sultan (1236-1240 CE) was the daughter of Iltutmish, who designated her as his heir despite opposition from nobles. She was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Sikandar Lodhi (Lodhi dynasty ruler, 1489-1517 CE) founded the city of Agra in 1504 CE and made it his capital. He chose the strategic location on the banks of Yamuna River. The other options are incorrect: Mohammad Tughlaq ruled later (14th century), Alauddin Khilji was from the Khilji dynasty (13th-14th century), and Ibrahim Lodhi was the last Lodhi ruler who lost to Babur at Panipat.

Emperor Akbar (1556-1605 CE) donated the land for the construction of the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) at Amritsar to Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru. This gesture exemplified Akbar's policy of religious tolerance and syncretism. The temple construction began in 1588 and was completed in 1604 under Guru Arjan Dev.

Before invading India, Babur ruled the small principality of Farghana (Ferghana) in modern-day Uzbekistan. He inherited this kingdom at age 12 and later captured Samarkand, though he lost it multiple times. His quest to reclaim these territories ultimately led him toward India, where he established the Mughal Empire in 1526.

Damodar is the author of the Punjabi kissa 'Mirza Shiban,' a tragic romance story. Waris Shah wrote 'Heer Ranjha,' Pelu is associated with other kissas, and Qadir Yar (misspelled as Ouadir Yar) wrote 'Puran Bhagat.' This is a specific question about Punjabi literature.

Ibn Batuta (also spelled Ibn Battuta) visited India during the reign of Mohammad bin Tughlaq from 1333 to 1342 CE. The Moroccan scholar and traveler came to India specifically to meet the Sultan and stayed for several years, even serving as a judge in Delhi. Balban and Iltutmish ruled earlier, while Alauddin Khalji died before Ibn Batuta reached India.

Futuh-i-Firozshahi is the autobiography of Firoz Tughlaq, written in Persian. It documents his reign, policies, and the administrative structure of the Tughlaq dynasty. The work provides valuable insights into 14th century medieval India. Tarikh-i-Ferozshahi was written by Barani, while Sirat-i-Firozshahi and Tujuk-i-Ferozshahi are not authentic works.

Yakut was an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) who rose to become a noble during Razia Sultan's reign as Delhi Sultan (1236-1240 CE). His origins are well-documented in historical accounts. Abyssinian refers to the region in present-day Ethiopia. Yakut was not Turk, South Indian Muslim, or Afghan by origin.