Medieval and Islamic History

Tughluq Nama was written by the famous poet Amir Khusro. It is a historic poem that describes the rise of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq and the Tughluq dynasty.

Goswami Tulsidas, the author of the Ramcharitmanas, lived during the 16th and early 17th centuries. His life coincided with the reigns of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahangir.

Aurangzeb was known for his orthodox religious policies, which included banning music and public dancing at his court as part of his interpretation of Islamic law. His predecessors like Akbar and Jahangir were great patrons of the arts and music. Thus, Aurangzeb stands out for this specific prohibition.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah is known as the 'Father of the Nation' in Pakistan. He was the leader of the All-India Muslim League and the primary architect of the movement that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan was overthrown and imprisoned by his son, Aurangzeb, in 1658. He spent the last eight years of his life in captivity at the Agra Fort.

 he was the first king of slave dynasty and built Qutab minar

Razia Sultan was the daughter of Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty. She succeeded him to become the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

The Jama Masjid of Delhi was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and completed in 1656. It is one of the largest and best-known mosques in India, built using red sandstone and white marble.

Firoze Shah Tughlaq was a prolific builder who founded several important cities in North India, including Hisar, Fatehabad, Firozabad, and Jaunpur. He is also known for his extensive irrigation works and canals.

Din-i-Ilahi was an ethical system and syncretic religious movement introduced by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1582. It aimed to unify the diverse religious beliefs of his subjects into a single code of conduct.

In Mughal administration, 'Khalisa' referred to lands whose entire revenue was directly deposited into the central imperial treasury. This was distinct from 'Jagir' lands, where revenue was assigned to officials in lieu of salary.

Akbar abolished the Jaziya tax in 1564 as part of his policy of religious tolerance and to win the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Jaziya was a per capita tax levied on non-Muslim citizens in an Islamic state.

Aurangzeb reimposed the Jaziya tax in 1679, more than a century after it had been abolished by Akbar. This move was part of his more orthodox Islamic policies and caused significant resentment among his non-Muslim subjects.