Medieval and Islamic History

The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1638 and 1648 when he shifted his capital from Agra to Delhi. The fort's red sandstone walls and impressive architecture showcase the zenith of Mughal architectural grandeur. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years.

Qutub Minar is named after Sufi saint Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, not Qutbuddin Aibak. Qutbuddin Aibak started the construction, but the tower honors the Sufi saint. This is a common misconception due to the similar names.

Babur founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodhi at the First Battle of Panipat. Akbar was his grandson, Humayun his son, and Jehangir his great-grandson.

Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated by Babur at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, which led to the establishment of Mughal rule in India. The Lodhi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Delhi at that time.

Qutub-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1193. He was a general under Muhammad Ghori and later became the first Sultan of Delhi.

Razia Sultan (1236-1240) was the first and only female Muslim ruler of Delhi. Noor Jahan was a Mughal queen, Mumtaz Mahal was Shah Jahan's wife, and Rani Laxmibai was a 19th-century queen.

Mahmud Ghazni raided the Somnath Temple in 1025 AD. He conducted 17 raids into India, with the Somnath raid being the most infamous. Mahmud Ghori invaded India much later in the 12th century.

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India, was the son of Umer Sheikh Mirza (also spelled Omar Sheikh Mirza), the ruler of Fergana Valley. Alauddin Khilji belonged to a different dynasty (Khilji).

Alauddin Khalji introduced market control and price regulation systems, especially for essential commodities like grains. His administrative reforms included setting fixed prices and preventing hoarding through a robust market control mechanism.

Qutbuddin Aibak was the first sovereign Sultan of Delhi, having been a slave general of Muhammad Ghori who established independence after his master's death in 1206. He founded the Mamluk Dynasty (Slave Dynasty) and began construction of the Qutub Minar. Alauddin Khalji came later (13th century), Balban was a powerful Sultan but not the first, and Iltutmish was Aibak's son-in-law and successor.

Qutub Minar was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193 AD. Shah Jahan and Jahangir were Mughal emperors who came centuries later, and Akbar also ruled during the Mughal era, long after the minaret's construction.

Jahangir granted the British East India Company the permission to establish their first trading factory at Surat in 1613. This came after Sir Thomas Roe's diplomatic mission to the Mughal court.

Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, commonly known as Jama Masjid, was commissioned by Shah Jahan and completed in 1656. Its name translates to 'World-reflecting Mosque'. It was the largest mosque in India at the time of construction and remains one of Shah Jahan's last architectural achievements. The other options are not Shah Jahan's commissions.

Sher Shah Suri introduced the silver rupyakam currency during his rule in the 16th century, which became the basis for the modern rupee. The word 'rupee' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'rupyakam' meaning wrought silver.

Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, started construction of Qutub Minar in 1193 AD. The tower was named after him and completed by his successor Iltutmish. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.