Commerce Accountancy

Management and Organizational Behavior

2,437 Questions

Management and organizational behavior explore how individuals and groups interact within an organization. This hub covers motivation theories, leadership styles, and delegation. These topics are essential for commerce students and competitive exam aspirants.

Work motivation theoriesLeadership stylesDelegation of authorityOrganizational structure typesPerformance appraisal aimsGroup dynamics and social loafing

Management and Organizational Behavior Questions

Multiple choice

360 degree method relates to:

  1. Performance appraisal

  2. Organisation climate

  3. Employees morale

  4. Retrenchment method
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

360-degree feedback is a comprehensive performance appraisal method that collects feedback from all directions - supervisors, peers, subordinates, and even external stakeholders like customers. It provides a holistic view of employee performance.

Multiple choice

In a formal organisational structure authority flows:

  1. Upward

  2. Downward

  3. Horizontal

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In formal organizational structures, authority flows from top to bottom through the hierarchy. This downward flow ensures clear chain of command, accountability, and efficient decision-making within the organization.

Multiple choice

In management science “Grid” refers to

  1. Diverse managerial styles

  2. Co-ordination

  3. Communication

  4. Motivation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In management science, specifically Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid, 'Grid' refers to diverse managerial styles based on two dimensions: concern for people and concern for production. The Grid model classifies leadership styles into five categories ranging from impoverished to team management.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true about development?

  1. It helps individuals in the progress towards maturity

  2. Development helps to improve the personality

  3. It enables to polish hidden qualities

  4. It is meant primarily for managerial personnel

  5. It is meant primarly for technical staff
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

 It is not meant primarily for technical staff, but for managerial staff. It is training which is meant for technical. For instance an employee may receive training for operate a computer, which is a technical field. Hence this statement is not true about development.

Multiple choice

People merely 'doing their jobs' in the passage means

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. that people busy at work do not perform their assigned tasks

  2. that such people produce a higher quality product

  3. that such people are working at about half their potential

  4. that such people are innovative
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states: 'But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they're only working at about half their potential.' This means that employees who only complete assigned tasks without innovating or seeking improvements are operating at 50% capacity. Option C directly reflects this statement. Options A, B, and D are either incorrect or opposite to what the passage suggests.

Multiple choice

In a truly productive department

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. people are busy at work on their assigned tasks

  2. people are busy at work to produce a large quantity of product

  3. people always think of evolving better and more efficient methods of working

  4. people always make a show of their experience and knowledge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage defines a truly productive department as 'one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.' Option C captures this essence of continuous improvement and innovation. Options A and B only describe busy-ness, not true productivity. Option D describes negative behavior the passage warns against.

Multiple choice

A truly productive employee, according to the writer, is always

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. busy at work on his assigned tasks

  2. actively thinking of better and more efficient methods of working

  3. has an eye on a cash bonus, time off, or a gift

  4. suggesting but never busy at work
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

According to the passage, a truly productive employee is 'actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working.' This is stated as the key characteristic of productive departments and employees. Option A describes only doing assigned tasks (not innovative), Option C focuses on external rewards rather than the mindset, and Option D is incorrect as productive employees should be both innovative AND doing their work.

Multiple choice

We understand from the passage that a good manager is one

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. who has a department where everybody is busy at work

  2. who offers a cash bonus, time off or a gift to his workers

  3. who is open minded and receptive to new ideas

  4. who is too quick, too eager to show off his experience and knowledge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage concludes by stating: 'A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.' Option C directly reflects this. Option A describes what the passage says is NOT the sign of a good manager. Option B mentions incentives, which are helpful but not the defining characteristic. Option D describes negative behavior the passage warns against.

Multiple choice

A good manager should

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. be open-minded and receptive to new ideas

  2. quickly shoot down innovative suggestions from an employee to assert supremacy of his experience and knowledge

  3. discard innovative ideas dubbing them unworkable

  4. be content with the normal functioning of the department
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states that when listening to new ideas, managers should 'be open-minded' and 'Don't shoot down a suggestion before you've heard it in full.' Option A directly reflects this positive behavior. Options B, C, and D describe the negative behaviors the passage warns managers against - being dismissive of new ideas or being complacent with the status quo.

Multiple choice

'To be receptive to new ideas' in the passage suggests

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. readiness to receive new ideas

  2. to be cautious and careful about the new ideas

  3. to share with your people the new ideas

  4. to think of better and more efficient methods of working
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

'To be receptive to new ideas' means being willing and ready to accept or consider new suggestions - having an open mind. Option A ('readiness to receive new ideas') captures this meaning. Option B suggests caution rather than openness. Option C reverses the direction (sharing ideas vs receiving them). Option D describes what employees should do, not what 'receptive' means in this context.

Multiple choice

The word 'incentives' in the context of the passage suggests

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. to produce higher quality product in less time

  2. to produce higher quality product at lower cost

  3. an additional payment or additional facilities to employees to increase production

  4. faith on employees

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly defines incentives as tools to motivate employees, listing examples like cash bonuses, time off, or gifts. Option C captures this definition accurately - incentives are additional rewards or facilities given to boost employee productivity. Options A and B describe outcomes of productivity, not incentives themselves. Option D is unrelated to the passage's context.

Multiple choice

The given passage speaks about

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. the sign of a good manager

  2. the workers doing their job

  3. ways in which to produce a higher quality product

  4. the need to be open to new ideas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice

The word 'motivation' in the passage means

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. to impute a motive to an action

  2. the act of inspiring others

  3. to put a thing into action

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage discusses motivation in the context of encouraging employees to be more productive and innovative. It describes both material incentives (cash, gifts) and the potent motivation of knowing management listens and implements ideas. Option B, 'the act of inspiring others', best captures this contextual meaning. Option A refers to attributing motives, which is different. Option C is too vague.

Multiple choice

The innovative suggestions or new ideas from your employee can be obtained when

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question.

You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, they’re only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product, in less time, at lower cost.
To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; what’s more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way to motivate employees to be more productive. You can offer a cash bonus, time off, or a gift. But a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee’s knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.
When you listen to new ideas, be open-minded. Don’t shoot down a suggestion before you’ve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something won’t work because ‘we’ve tried it before’ or ‘we don’t do it that way’. Well, may be you did try it before but that doesn’t mean it won’t work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesn’t mean you’ve been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas.

 

  1. you offer a cash bonus to him

  2. you make him feel that management does listen to him or her and puts his ideas to work

  3. you distrust his experience and knowledge

  4. you pressurise him to tender new ideas or face the consequences
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage clearly states that while cash bonuses are one form of incentive, 'a more potent form of motivation is simply the employee's knowledge that management does listen to him or her, and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work.' Option B directly reflects this. Options A, C, and D contradict the passage's message about creating a receptive, supportive environment.