Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements and state true (T) or false (F) regarding cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.
A cilium or a flagellum is not covered with plasma membrane.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cilia or flagella can be defined as projections from the cell which are made up of microtubules.
  • It consists of a central core (two microtubules) that is surrounded by an outer ring of nine pairs of microtubules (9+2 arrangement).
  • The outer ring of microtubules is surrounded by an extension of the cell membrane.
So the correct answer is 'False'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

What is common between a Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic flagella?

  1. Same structure

  2. Both are used for locomotion

  3. Composed of same proteins

  4. Both are extension of cell membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

While prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ significantly in structure, protein composition, and mechanism of movement, both serve the common function of locomotion.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The obilique and parallely arranged strips which are responsible for metaboly are present in

  1. Flagella

  2. Paraflagellar body

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Pellicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The body of euglenoids are covered by a thin pellicle, that has oblique but parallelly arranged stripes. It provides it the flexibility to cause temporary changes in body shape. The pellicle strips slide over one another to help in metabolic. So, the correct option is 'Pellicle'.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements and state true (T) or false (F) regarding cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.
Cilia are small structures which work like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A cilium is an organelle found on eukaryotic cells and are slender, small protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
  • It works like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid. They are primarily responsible for locomotion, either of the cell itself or of fluids on the cell surface.
  • Hence Cilia are small structures which work like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid is a True statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in

  1. Microtubular organization and function.

  2. Type of movement and placement in cell.

  3. Location in cell and mode of functioning.

  4. Microtubular organization and type of movement.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Flagella are long, whip-like projection or appendages of cells used in motility. These are made up of microtubules (long, slender, protein tubes) and help propel cells and organisms in a whip-like motion. These are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella pf prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. 
The flagellum of eukaryotes usually moves with an S motion and is surrounded by cell membrane. 
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The cilia and flagella both have

  1. 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.

  2. Protective structure of cells.

  3. Only present in protozoa animals.

  4. Only outgrowth structure of cytoplasm.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A cilium is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body. Inside cilia and flagella, is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme. The axoneme of primary cilia typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme) and the axoneme of a motile cilium has two central microtubule singlets in addition to the nine outer doublets (called a 9+2 axoneme). A flagellum is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flagella also has 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. They both contains inner growth along with outer growth of cytoplasm. They both are not the protective structures.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Pattern of organisation of eukaryotic cilia and flagella is

  1. 9 + 0

  2. 9 + 1

  3. 9 + 2

  4. 9 + 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cilia and flagella are cellular projections which are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. 
  • They both have similar internal structures and are made up of microtubules.
  • The microtubule arrangement within cilia and flagella is 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.
  • It contains nine fused pairs of microtubules on the outer side of a cylinder and the two unfused microtubules at the centre.
  • So, the correct answer is '9 + 2'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The presence of cilia, an oral groove and food vacuoles and the absence of chloroplasts in an unicellular organism indicate that the organism carries on

  1. Sexual reproduction

  2. Autotrophic nutrition

  3. Extracellular digestion

  4. Heterotrophic nutrition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autotrophic organisms are self feeders that can synthesize the organic compounds using the inorganic substances available in surroundings. Green plants synthesize organic compounds using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight as captured by green pigment chlorophyll. Absence of chlorophyll indicates the heterotrophic mode of nutrition of the organisms wherein they depend on the organic compounds synthesized by other autotrophs. This makes option B incorrect and option D correct. Option A is incorrect as the question is about mode of nutrition; not mode of reproduction. Extracellular digestion refers to secretion of digesting enzymes onto the food present in surroundings followed by intake of digested food via phagocytosis or any other transport mechanism. Cilia are the hair like appandages that help organism to move food into the oral groove which in turn collect and move the food into the cell; the food vacuoles serve to store the food. This makes option C incorrect as presence of cilia, oral groove and food vacuole indicate intracellular digestion. Correct answer is D. 

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

A flagellum beats

  1. Independently, undulatory and asymmetrically

  2. Independently, undulatory and symmetrically

  3. Coordinated, pendular and symmetric

  4. Coordinated, pendular and asymmetric.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Flagella are typically longer than cilia and move in a wave-like (undulatory) motion. This motion is generally independent of other flagella and symmetric in its wave propagation.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Find the correct statement in relation to flagella: 

  1. Flagella are longer and less in number than cilia.

  2. Flagella usually beat independently.

  3. Arms of subfibril A are made of Nexin protein.

  4. A-B linker is made of dyenin protein.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Flagella are long, numerous hairlike projections from the plasma membrane. Flagella are longer and less in number than cilia. In multicellular organisms, cilia and flagella are the major means of locomotion in prokaryotic cells, both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubles.

So, the correct option is 'Flagella are longer and more in number than cilia'.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The movement of cilia and flagella is due to the presence of _________.

  1. radial spokes

  2. central sheath

  3. singlet micritubules

  4. dyneins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Groups of dynein molecules responsible for movement in opposite directions are probably activated and inactivated in a coordinated fashion so that the cilia or flagella can move back and forth.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Pili, Fimbriae and flagella

  1. Play a role in motility in bacteria

  2. Are surface structures of bacteria

  3. Play a role in motility in eukaryotic cells

  4. Are elongated tubular structures made of a special phospholipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pili, Fimbriae and flagella are structures that are found on the cell wall of the bacteria. These are structures that are made out of cellular components like proteins, for example, Pilli is made up of the protein pilin and flagella is made up of the protein flagellin.

Flagella are longer than both pili and fimbriae. These are a surface structure of the bacteria.
So, the correct option is 'Are surface structures of bacteria'