Diversity in Living Organisms

• Cleidoic eggs are those eggs, which have a protective shell, and are laid out of water. 
• The shell is porous to air, and maybe flexible or calcareous (hard). The eggs contain all the food the embryo needs to develop into a hatchling. 
• The significance of the cleidoic egg is that it enables reproduction out of, and often away from, water. 
• The eggs of insects and birds, which is enclosed in a protective shell limiting the exchange of water, gases, etc. These types of eggs are found in reptiles, birds, and insects. Hence, option B is correct.

Tadpole is one of the developmental stages in the life cycle of frogs. The larvae are free-swimming forms which are found in the water. The larvae get metamorphosed to form the adult frog. The thyroid hormones are required for the control and regulation of the events which take place during metamorphosis. 

The remarkable axolotl or Ambystoma mexicanum is part of the family of 'mole salamanders', but exhibits an unusual and extreme trait known as neoteny, or paedomorphosis. This is the retention of larval stage characteristics throughout life, so axolotls usually never fully resemble an adult salamander. It is a urochordate.

So, the correct option is ‘i and ii correct’.

Gudernatsch discovered that metamorphosis in frog's tadpole begins only when adequate amount of thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid of the tadpole. It was also found that hyposecretion of thyroxine retards and hypersecretion enhances the rate of metamorphosis. In the hilly tracts of North America from whose soil all iodine has been washed away by rainwater, the tadpoles of Ambystoma probably never metamorphose. Therefore, these tadpoles grow to a large size and attain sexual maturity,i.e., these become paedogenetic larvae. This phenomenon is called paedogenesis. The paedogenetic larvae of Ambystoma are called Axolotl larvae. Addition of thyroxine or iodine in pond water naturally induces and enhances metamorphosis in the tadpoles.

Both amphibians and insects have larval forms. They also undergo a process called metamorphosis to come out of the larval stage. In addition to that both use DNA, RNA, ATP, the basic metabolic processes are the same. They are  multicellular organisms. they have a bilateral symmetry, they are both eukaryotes. They have  specializations of cells in regard to sensory, reproductive and metabolic systems. 

Metamorphosis is a biological process by which there is a profound change in form from one stage to the next in the life history of an organism, as from the caterpillar to pupa and from the pupa to adult. Some insects, fishes, amphibians, molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and tunicates undergo metamorphosis. Humans do not undergo metamorphosis.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'

Dull plumage confers a survival advantage to birds by protecting them against predators while those having brighter plumage are easily spotted. However, brighter plumage helps male birds to attract female birds for mating and confers reproductive advantage. This leads to persistence of brighter plumage population despite its more chances to get captured by a predator. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

• Aristotle was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. 
• Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira in northern Greece.
  
• Aristotle divided animals into Aniama( "those without RBC") and enaima( "those with blood). Anaima examples invertebrates and Enaima examples vertebrates
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Anaima and enaima'.

The criterions for classification of organisms are as follows-
1. Nature of cell (porkaryotic or eukaryotic)
2. Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
3. Mode of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
4. Body design (presence or absence of cell wall)
5. Presence or absence of well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane
6. Body differentiation
7. Presence of conducting tissues (in case of plants)
8. Mode of reproduction
9. Type of seed (in case of plants)
10. Number of cotyledons (in case of plants)
Hence, options A, B, C are incorrect. 
Height is not considered as criterion for classification of living organisms. 
Therefore, option D is correct.  

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are different in the structure but their function is similar as they are used for the locomotion in prokaryotes while in gametes of eukaryotes are also used for movement.

Correct statements: (i) Cilia/flagella work like oars, (iv) they are covered by the plasma membrane, and (v) the axoneme structure (9+2 arrangement). (ii) is false because flagella are longer than cilia. (iii) is false because prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are structurally different.

The eukaryotic flagellum has an axoneme with a 9+2 arrangement, meaning 9 pairs (doublets) of microtubules arranged in a circle surrounding a central pair of microtubules.

A human body has a different type of cells which shows different types of movements at different places in the body.